Analysis and Testing of Ajax-based Single-page Web Applications

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der foutgevoelig. Geautomatiseerd testen van een Ajax-applicatie kan helpen sommige van de typische Ajax-fouten te vinden. Net als bij het onderzoek naar bereikbaarheid, speelt hier het automatisch crawlen (doorklikken) van een Ajax-applicatie een sleutelrol. De uitdaging daarbij bestaat niet alleen uit het invullen van invoervelden, maar ook uit het bepalen wanneer de geteste applicatie zich incorrect gedraagt (het “oracle-probleem”). De oplossing die in dit proefschrift in hoofdstuk 6 is onderzocht, spitst zich toe op de mate waarin (generieke en applicatiespecifieke) structurele invarianten op de DOM-boom hier een rol in kunnen spelen. Bovendien hebben we een algoritme ontwikkeld waarmee uit het gedistilleerde model tijdens het crawlen automatisch test cases gegenereerd kunnen worden. Onze testing techniek is geïmplementeerd in het open-source gereedschap “Atusa”. Atusa biedt de testers een serie test-plugins, en een infrastructuur waarin ontwikkelaars zelf met gemak specifieke plugins kunnen bouwen en toevoegen. Conclusie Met dit proefschrift hebben we beoogd de stand der techniek te versterken op het gebied van het begrijpen, analyseren, en testen van standaard-gebaseerde single-page web-applicaties. Dit heeft geleid tot een nieuwe architectuurstijl, een uitgebreide verzameling van technieken, bijbehorende software-gereedschappen, en rapporten van uitgevoerde empirische evaluaties. Deze contributies zijn bedoeld om software engineers beter te laten omgaan met de complexiteit en het zeer dynamische karakter van interactieve websystemen. 174
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Analysis and Testing of Ajax-based
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Contents Preface List of Acronyms i
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3.3.4 Single-page UI Model Definiti
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6.3.2 Trigger . . . . . . . . . . .
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Preface our years have passed since
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List of Acronyms ASP Active Server
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Introduction A ccording to recent s
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Figure 1.2 Screen shot of the Mosai
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Figure 1.4 Screen shot of OpenLaszl
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DOM APIs, a technique that was call
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Figure 1.6 Screen shot of Google Su
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Figure 1.7 Screen shot of Google Do
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Reengineering Analysis & Testing Ar
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client/server and network-based env
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To the best of our knowledge, at th
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Table 1.1 ❳❳ ❳ ❳ ❳❳ Cha
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equally and we chose to use an alph
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A Component- and Push-based Archite
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Page Internet Application aRchitect
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XML message containing directives t
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server sends the data to the client
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• Code reuse: shared implementati
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Rest provides Ajax demands Large-gr
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work well, will lose customers (Off
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communication between client and se
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GWT uses an RPC style of calling se
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DOM Client Browser event update Aja
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Client Server Legend Interaction po
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User Interactivity User-perceived L
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User Interactivity User-perceived L
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and does not comply with the Resour
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2.8.9 Design Models Figure 2.8 show
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of user tasks as first class entiti
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Migrating Multi-page Web Applicatio
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Web App 1 Page deltaChange viewChan
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gational and structural model of th
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Classic Web application Retrieve pa
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Algorithm 1 1: procedure start (Pag
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3.5.2 Identifying Elements The list
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Classification # of pages Home (Ind
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Figure 3.7 A candidate UI component
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target system. Even though the tech
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Third, we proposed a schema-based c
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Performance Testing of Data Deliver
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Figure 4.1 A screenshot taken from
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the user. Ideally, the pulling inte
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Streaming Figure 4.3 shows how the
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4.4 Experimental Design In this sec
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Mean Publish Trip-time (MPT) We def
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tributes to the complexity of contr
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8. Start the publisher and begin pu
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Figure 4.8 Sample Stock Ticker Appl
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Figure 4.9 Mean Publish Trip-time C
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4.6.3 Received Publish Messages Fig
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Figure 4.12 Mean Number of Received
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Figure 4.13 Percentage of data item
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with pull is higher than push. This
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this scenario, a data item will onl
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With the pull approach, achieving t
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Crawling Ajax by Inferring User Int
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discusses the findings and open iss
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5.3 A Method for Crawling Ajax The
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Robot click UI Browser generate cli
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5.3.5 Creating States After firing
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1 crawl MyAjaxSite { 2 url: http://
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The generator uses JTidy 10 to pret
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G1. For the experiment we have manu
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Page 137 and 138: ich interactivity and responsivenes
Page 139 and 140: 5.8 Related Work The concept behind
Page 141 and 142: Invariant-Based Automatic Testing o
Page 143 and 144: has some support for client-side sc
Page 145 and 146: 6.3.2 Trigger Once we are able to d
Page 147 and 148: a new edge is created on the graph
Page 149 and 150: Other Invariants. In line with the
Page 151 and 152: 6.7.1 Oracle Comparators After each
Page 153 and 154: Algorithm 4 Pre/postCrawling hooks
Page 155 and 156: LOC Server-side LOC Client-side DOM
Page 157 and 158: todo items, removing all items inst
Page 159 and 160: Failure Cause Violated Invariant In
Page 161 and 162: plications) is that it is very hard
Page 163 and 164: 1. A series of fault models that ca
Page 165 and 166: Conclusion ith the advent of Ajax t
Page 167 and 168: out to be an appropriate framework
Page 169 and 170: plays a more prominent role in the
Page 171 and 172: correct behavior. Violations in the
Page 173 and 174: A great deal of our work has focuse
Page 175 and 176: A Single-page Ajax Example Applicat
Page 177 and 178: 1 if(navigator.appName == "Microsof
Page 179 and 180: Figure A.5 The run-time DOM instanc
Page 181 and 182: Figure A.7 The request/response tra
Page 183 and 184: Samenvatting ⋆ Analyse en Testing
Page 185: een dergelijk model te creëren, do
Page 189 and 190: Bouras, C. and Konidaris, A. (2005)
Page 191 and 192: De Lucia, A., Scanniello, G., and T
Page 193 and 194: Garofalakis, M., Gionis, A., Rastog
Page 195 and 196: Levenshtein, V. L. (1996). Binary c
Page 197 and 198: Netscape (1995). An exploration of
Page 199 and 200: Sprenkle, S., Pollock, L., Esquivel
Page 201 and 202: Wohlin, C., Runeson, P., Höst, M.,
Page 203 and 204: Curriculum Vitae Personal Data Full
Page 205 and 206: A. Dijkstra. Stepping through Haske
Page 207 and 208: M. A. Abam. New Data Structures and
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