RACIST VIOLENCE IN 15 EU MEMBER STATES - Cospe

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RACIST VIOLENCE IN 15 EU MEMBER STATES - A Comparative Overview of Findings from the RAXEN NFP Reports 2001-2004 extreme right; although data is also available on the nature of violent incidents with a racist motive. Sweden also looks at the activities of the extreme right, but incorporates this within a broader framework of data collection on racist violence that is able to identify the extent of extreme right-wing involvement in racist crime/violence Finland, France, Ireland and the UK have comprehensive data collection mechanisms in place that can reveal a lot about the extent and/or nature of racist violence. Although Finland’s data is limited to 2002, it provides a comprehensive overview and estimate of racially motivated crime and racially motivated violent crime. On the basis of the RAXEN NFP data for 2001, 2002, 2003 and 2004, the old EU15 can be tentatively categorised with respect to the official mechanisms that are in place to record data on racist crime/violence – see Table 5. Table 5 103 Official criminal justice data collection mechanisms on racist crime/violence Inadequate or nonexistent data collection for years 2001, 2002, 2003 and 2004 Partial data collection or data focused on general discrimination Good or Excellent data collection mechanisms Greece Belgium Denmark Austria Italy Netherlands Finland Germany Luxembourg Portugal Spain France Ireland UK Sweden Good data collection focusing on the activities of extreme right-wing groups/hate speech When looking at Table 5, we should realise that official data collection mechanisms are, in the first instance, framed by the limitations of the law; that is, whether ‘racist motivation’ is recognised in law and, therefore, whether ‘racist crime/violence’ can be singled out for counting. For example: Austria: the law does not recognise ‘racist violence’; therefore official data on ‘racist violence’ is not collected. Instead the law recognises and collects statistics on the activities of extreme right-wing groups and, in particular, activities related to National Socialism. 103 Categorisation based on information supplied by RAXEN NFPs. 164
RACIST VIOLENCE IN 15 EU MEMBER STATES - A Comparative Overview of Findings from the RAXEN NFP Reports 2001-2004 United Kingdom: the law recognises ‘racist motivation’ and can assign it as an aggravating factor to a range of offences in the criminal law; as a result, official data on ‘racist violence’ is collected. Annex II – Official Data for New Member States Bearing in mind the above discussion, Annex II provides an extra overview of official data collection on racist violence/crime in the ten new Member States. As illustrated, there is a lack of publicly available official data in the new Member States. In turn, as the comparison between France and the UK suggested at the beginning of this chapter, Member States with mechanisms in place to collect data on racist crime and violence do not necessarily have comprehensive data on racist crime and violence. Here, a comparison can be made between comprehensive legislation against racist crime and violence that, whilst looking good on paper, is not actually invoked in practice to fight racist crime and violence and convict offenders. In the same way, data collection mechanisms on racist crime and violence are only effective if they are aggressively put into practice. In this regard, Table 5 (above) is as much about the comprehensiveness of data collection mechanisms on paper – what they say they collect – as in practice – what they actually collect. 19.2.2. Unofficial Data in the EU 15 Along with official data collection mechanisms, Member States have a broad range of semi-official or unofficial data collection mechanisms. These can range from comprehensive government-funded victim surveys through to descriptive accounts of media reports. As with official data sources, some countries are better served than others. Table 6 104 Unofficial data collection/research on racist crime/violence Inadequate or non-existent unofficial data sources Some unofficial data sources Luxembourg Austria Denmark A range of unofficial data sources Belgium France Greece Ireland Finland Germany Netherlands UK Italy 104 Categorisation based on information supplied by RAXEN NFPs. 165
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