Section 6: Selected Applications & Techniques

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Q24. During inspection of a parallel sided machined forging using straight beam immersion techniques, a diminishing back reflection in a localized area in the absence of a defect indication would least likely represent: A. A course grain structures B. A small non-metallic stringer C. A defect oriented at a severe angle to the entry surface D. A large inclusion.
Q46. Which best describes a typical display of a crack whose major surface is perpendicular to the ultrasound beam? A. A broad indication B. A sharp indication C. A indication will not show due to improper orientation D. A broad indication with high amplitude
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Section 6: Selected Applications &
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6.11: Casting 6.12: Inspection of b
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6.1.1 Casting Defects & Discontinui
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Casting Defects & Discontinuities-
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Casting Defects & Discontinuities
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Casting Defects & Discontinuities
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Processing Defects & Discontinuitie
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6.1.3 Welding Defects & Discontinui
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Welding Defects & Discontinuities
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Welding Defects & Discontinuities-
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Service Induced Defects & Discontin
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Figure 4-24 - In a carbon steel sam
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Figure 4-36 - Weld detail used to j
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Figure 4-38 - Failure of DMW joinin
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Figure 4-58 - Cross-sectional view
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Figure 5-2 - Hot Lean Amine Corrosi
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Figure 5-46 - Overhead interstage k
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Figure 5-48 - Metallographic sample
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6.2: Rail Inspection
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The need for a better inspection me
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Transverse Fissure
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One of the methods used to inspect
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Techniques: Examples of axles with
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6.3: Weldments (Welded Joints)
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UT of Weldments (Welded Joints) F s
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Flaw Detection- Depth Determination
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T = Plate Thickness ϴ = Shear wave
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Flaw Detection- Triangulations of r
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To determine the proper scanning ar
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Expert at works
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Typically scanning patterns
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Weld Scanning
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Weld Scanning
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Echo Dynamic- Position of Defects
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Plate Weld Scanning
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Plate Weld Scanning
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Practice Makes Perfect 52. One of t
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6.4: Pipe & Tube
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Pipe & Tube
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Pipe Scanning
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Pipe Scanning 48.59 o max 30 o max
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Pipe Scanning
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Pipe Scanning- thickness/OD ratio W
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Pipe Scanning- Contact Methods
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Q: Calculate the maximum shear wave
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Q35: During immersion testing of pi
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6.5: Echo Dynamic
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6.5.1 Basic echodynamic pattern of
Page 137 and 138: C.1 Pattern 1 Point-like reflector
Page 139 and 140: C.2 Pattern 2 Extended (elongated)
Page 145 and 146: C.3 Pattern 3a Extended (elongated)
Page 147 and 148: C.3 Pattern 3b Oblique incidence, t
Page 149 and 150: C.3 Pattern 3b Oblique incidence, t
Page 151 and 152: C.4 Pattern 4 Multiple reflector re
Page 153 and 154: Echodynamic- Change of echo height
Page 155 and 156: Break Time
Page 157 and 158: Echo Dynamic of Discontinuity- Flaw
Page 159 and 160: Echo Dynamic of Discontinuity- Impr
Page 161 and 162: Echo Dynamic of Discontinuity- Refl
Page 167 and 168: Echo Dynamic of Discontinuity- Tand
Page 169 and 170: Echo Dynamic of Discontinuity- Tand
Page 171 and 172: Echo Dynamic- Root Concavity
Page 173 and 174: Echo Dynamic
Page 177 and 178: Echo Dynamic- Broad indication with
Page 181 and 182: Echo Dynamic The echo response from
Page 183 and 184: Echo Dynamic Typical Echo Dynamic P
Page 185 and 186: Echo Dynamic Typical Echo Dynamic P
Page 187: Q183. In immersion testing, irrelev
Page 191 and 192: 6.6: Technique Sheets
Page 193 and 194: Hanger Pin Testing using Shear Wave
Page 195 and 196: Physical Dimension
Page 197 and 198: Physical Dimension
Page 199 and 200: Reporting: Scanning Report - Top of
Page 201 and 202: Mock-Up
Page 207 and 208: Hanger Pin Testing using Shear Wave
Page 209 and 210: Pitch and Catch Methods- Set-up
Page 211 and 212: 6.7: Material Properties- Elastic M
Page 213 and 214: 6.7.2 The attenuation method The at
Page 215 and 216: 6.7.3 Velocity Measurements Velocit
Page 217 and 218: Elastic Modulus Measurement - Young
Page 219 and 220: These basic material properties, wh
Page 221 and 222: Equipment: The velocity measurement
Page 223 and 224: Testing Procedure: Equipment Used.
Page 225 and 226: Velocity & Equations Poisson Ratio
Page 227 and 228: 6.8: High Temperature Ultrasonic Te
Page 229 and 230: 1.0 Background: Although most ultra
Page 231 and 232: Temperature Limitation: Conventiona
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2.0 Methods used for H.Temperature
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For precision thickness gauging app
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(1b) Flaw detection As in high temp
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2.2 High Temperature Couplants Most
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Keyword: Note that normal incidence
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As a general rule, if the outer cas
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2.4 Equipment Functions Freeze Func
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Keyword: ■ ■ Velocity change of
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3.3 Increased Attenuation: Sound at
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3.4 Angular Variation in Wedges: Wi
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6.9: Dimension-Measurement Applicat
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6.9.2 Thickness measurements are ma
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6.9.3 Position measurements Positio
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Fig. 60 Method of determining corre
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Fig. 61 Setup for determining the p
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6.10: In-Service Inspection
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In-Service Inspection- Testing for
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In-Service Inspection- (a) Crack te
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In-Service Inspection- (a) Testing
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6.11: Casting
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Casting- Typical casting defects an
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Casting- Detection of shrinkage cav
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Inspection of Bonded Joints If the
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6.13: Corrosion Monitoring
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Despite these drawbacks, ultrasonic
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Crack Monitoring Laboratory and in-
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The use of pulse-echo techniques fo
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6.15: Stress Measurements
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The real limitation of this techniq
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The real limitation of
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6.App-1: TOFD Introduction NOTE: No
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TOFD provides a wide area of covera
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TOFD offers rapid weld inspection w
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Due to the low amplitude of the dif
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Tips Diffractions
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TOFD
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TOFD has been used for some time fo
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Figure 5-2 - Hot Lean Amine Corrosi
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For these types of weld inspections
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Scan of weld with cursor positioned
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Measurement of good area shows thic
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6.11.3.3TOFD for Corrosion Measurem
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TOFD for Weld- TOFD Parallel Scanni
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■ Perpendicular Scanning Scanning
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Typical “Perpendicular” Weld Sc
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■ Benefit of TOFD Parallel Scanni
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The Experts at work.
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Break Time mms://a588.l3944020587.c
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Break Time
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Section 6: Selected Applications & Techniques

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