Section 6: Selected Applications & Techniques

More documents

Recommendations

Info

6.App-1.3.5 Overview on Scanning Direction Most typical TOFD inspections are performed with the send and receive transducers on opposite sides of the weld and scanning movement parallel to the weld axis. The main purpose of this “perpendicular” (defined by beam to weld relationship) scanning is to quickly perform weld inspection with the weld cap or re-enforcement in place. This technique can give location in the scan axis, the indication length, height of indication and flaw characterization information. One of the weaknesses of this technique is the lack of index positioning (or where between the probes) the indication is located. This information is usually obtained with complimentary pulse echo ultrasonics when the weld is left in place.
■ Perpendicular Scanning Scanning direction “parallel” to the weld axis. Beam direction “perpendicular” to the weld axis. ? Carriage movement direction One of the weaknesses of this technique is the lack of index positioning (or where between the probes) the indication is located.
Page 1:
Section 6: Selected Applications &
Page 5 and 6:
6.11: Casting 6.12: Inspection of b
Page 7 and 8:
6.1.1 Casting Defects & Discontinui
Page 9 and 10:
Casting Defects & Discontinuities-
Page 11 and 12:
Casting Defects & Discontinuities
Page 13 and 14:
Casting Defects & Discontinuities
Page 15 and 16:
Page 17 and 18:
Page 19 and 20:
Page 21 and 22:
Page 23 and 24:
Page 25 and 26:
Page 27 and 28:
Page 29 and 30:
Page 31 and 32:
Processing Defects & Discontinuitie
Page 33 and 34:
Page 35 and 36:
Page 37 and 38:
Page 39:
6.1.3 Welding Defects & Discontinui
Page 42 and 43:
Welding Defects & Discontinuities
Page 44 and 45:
Page 46 and 47:
Page 48 and 49:
Welding Defects & Discontinuities-
Page 50 and 51:
Page 52 and 53:
Page 54 and 55:
Page 56 and 57:
Page 58 and 59:
Page 60 and 61:
Service Induced Defects & Discontin
Page 62 and 63:
Figure 4-24 - In a carbon steel sam
Page 64 and 65:
Figure 4-36 - Weld detail used to j
Page 66 and 67:
Figure 4-38 - Failure of DMW joinin
Page 68 and 69:
Figure 4-58 - Cross-sectional view
Page 70 and 71:
Figure 5-2 - Hot Lean Amine Corrosi
Page 72 and 73:
Figure 5-46 - Overhead interstage k
Page 74 and 75:
Figure 5-48 - Metallographic sample
Page 76 and 77:
6.2: Rail Inspection
Page 78 and 79:
The need for a better inspection me
Page 80 and 81:
Transverse Fissure
Page 82 and 83:
One of the methods used to inspect
Page 84 and 85:
Techniques: Examples of axles with
Page 86 and 87:
6.3: Weldments (Welded Joints)
Page 88 and 89:
UT of Weldments (Welded Joints) F s
Page 90 and 91:
Flaw Detection- Depth Determination
Page 92 and 93:
T = Plate Thickness ϴ = Shear wave
Page 94 and 95:
Flaw Detection- Triangulations of r
Page 96:
To determine the proper scanning ar
Page 99 and 100:
Expert at works
Page 101 and 102:
Typically scanning patterns
Page 103 and 104:
Weld Scanning
Page 105 and 106:
Weld Scanning
Page 107 and 108:
Echo Dynamic- Position of Defects
Page 109 and 110:
Plate Weld Scanning
Page 111 and 112:
Plate Weld Scanning
Page 113 and 114:
Practice Makes Perfect 52. One of t
Page 115 and 116:
6.4: Pipe & Tube
Page 117 and 118:
Pipe & Tube
Page 119 and 120:
Pipe Scanning
Page 121 and 122:
Pipe Scanning 48.59 o max 30 o max
Page 123 and 124:
Pipe Scanning
Page 125 and 126:
Pipe Scanning- thickness/OD ratio W
Page 127 and 128:
Pipe Scanning- Contact Methods
Page 129 and 130:
Q: Calculate the maximum shear wave
Page 131 and 132:
Q35: During immersion testing of pi
Page 133 and 134:
6.5: Echo Dynamic
Page 135 and 136:
6.5.1 Basic echodynamic pattern of
Page 137 and 138:
C.1 Pattern 1 Point-like reflector
Page 139 and 140:
C.2 Pattern 2 Extended (elongated)
Page 141 and 142:
Page 143 and 144:
Page 145 and 146:
C.3 Pattern 3a Extended (elongated)
Page 147 and 148:
C.3 Pattern 3b Oblique incidence, t
Page 149 and 150:
C.3 Pattern 3b Oblique incidence, t
Page 151 and 152:
C.4 Pattern 4 Multiple reflector re
Page 153 and 154:
Echodynamic- Change of echo height
Page 155 and 156:
Break Time
Page 157 and 158:
Echo Dynamic of Discontinuity- Flaw
Page 159 and 160:
Echo Dynamic of Discontinuity- Impr
Page 161 and 162:
Echo Dynamic of Discontinuity- Refl
Page 163 and 164:
Page 165 and 166:
Page 167 and 168:
Echo Dynamic of Discontinuity- Tand
Page 169 and 170:
Echo Dynamic of Discontinuity- Tand
Page 171 and 172:
Echo Dynamic- Root Concavity
Page 173 and 174:
Echo Dynamic
Page 175 and 176:
Echo Dynamic
Page 177 and 178:
Echo Dynamic- Broad indication with
Page 179 and 180:
Echo Dynamic
Page 181 and 182:
Echo Dynamic The echo response from
Page 183 and 184:
Echo Dynamic Typical Echo Dynamic P
Page 185 and 186:
Echo Dynamic Typical Echo Dynamic P
Page 187 and 188:
Q183. In immersion testing, irrelev
Page 189 and 190:
Q46. Which best describes a typical
Page 191 and 192:
6.6: Technique Sheets
Page 193 and 194:
Hanger Pin Testing using Shear Wave
Page 195 and 196:
Physical Dimension
Page 197 and 198:
Physical Dimension
Page 199 and 200:
Reporting: Scanning Report - Top of
Page 201 and 202:
Mock-Up
Page 203 and 204:
Mock-Up
Page 205 and 206:
Mock-Up
Page 207 and 208:
Hanger Pin Testing using Shear Wave
Page 209 and 210:
Pitch and Catch Methods- Set-up
Page 211 and 212:
6.7: Material Properties- Elastic M
Page 213 and 214:
6.7.2 The attenuation method The at
Page 215 and 216:
6.7.3 Velocity Measurements Velocit
Page 217 and 218:
Elastic Modulus Measurement - Young
Page 219 and 220:
These basic material properties, wh
Page 221 and 222:
Equipment: The velocity measurement
Page 223 and 224:
Testing Procedure: Equipment Used.
Page 225 and 226:
Velocity & Equations Poisson Ratio
Page 227 and 228:
6.8: High Temperature Ultrasonic Te
Page 229 and 230:
1.0 Background: Although most ultra
Page 231 and 232:
Temperature Limitation: Conventiona
Page 233 and 234:
Page 235 and 236:
Page 237 and 238:
敦煌大漠美食 -50 度火
Page 239 and 240:
2.0 Methods used for H.Temperature
Page 241 and 242:
For precision thickness gauging app
Page 243 and 244:
(1b) Flaw detection As in high temp
Page 245 and 246:
2.2 High Temperature Couplants Most
Page 247 and 248:
Keyword: Note that normal incidence
Page 249 and 250:
As a general rule, if the outer cas
Page 251 and 252:
2.4 Equipment Functions Freeze Func
Page 253 and 254:
Keyword: ■ ■ Velocity change of
Page 255 and 256:
3.3 Increased Attenuation: Sound at
Page 257 and 258:
3.4 Angular Variation in Wedges: Wi
Page 259:
6.9: Dimension-Measurement Applicat
Page 263 and 264:
6.9.2 Thickness measurements are ma
Page 265 and 266:
6.9.3 Position measurements Positio
Page 267 and 268:
Fig. 60 Method of determining corre
Page 269 and 270:
Fig. 61 Setup for determining the p
Page 271 and 272:
6.10: In-Service Inspection
Page 273 and 274:
In-Service Inspection- Testing for
Page 275 and 276:
In-Service Inspection- (a) Crack te
Page 277 and 278:
In-Service Inspection- (a) Testing
Page 279 and 280: 6.11: Casting
Page 281 and 282: Casting- Typical casting defects an
Page 283 and 284: Casting- Detection of shrinkage cav
Page 285 and 286: Inspection of Bonded Joints If the
Page 287 and 288: 6.13: Corrosion Monitoring
Page 289 and 290: Despite these drawbacks, ultrasonic
Page 291 and 292: Crack Monitoring Laboratory and in-
Page 293 and 294: The use of pulse-echo techniques fo
Page 295 and 296: 6.15: Stress Measurements
Page 297 and 298: The real limitation of this techniq
Page 299 and 300: The real limitation of
Page 305 and 306: 6.App-1: TOFD Introduction NOTE: No
Page 307 and 308: TOFD provides a wide area of covera
Page 309 and 310: TOFD offers rapid weld inspection w
Page 311 and 312: Due to the low amplitude of the dif
Page 313 and 314: Tips Diffractions
Page 315 and 316: TOFD
Page 317 and 318: TOFD has been used for some time fo
Page 319 and 320: Figure 5-2 - Hot Lean Amine Corrosi
Page 321 and 322: For these types of weld inspections
Page 323 and 324: Scan of weld with cursor positioned
Page 325 and 326: Measurement of good area shows thic
Page 327 and 328: 6.11.3.3TOFD for Corrosion Measurem
Page 329: TOFD for Weld- TOFD Parallel Scanni
Page 333 and 334: Typical “Perpendicular” Weld Sc
Page 335 and 336: ■ Benefit of TOFD Parallel Scanni
Page 337 and 338: The Experts at work.
Page 339 and 340: Break Time mms://a588.l3944020587.c
Page 341 and 342: Break Time
show all

Section 6: Selected Applications & Techniques

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?