Section 6: Selected Applications & Techniques

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TOFD Transmitter Receiver Crack Back-wall echo Diffracted wave from upper end of crack Diffracted wave from lower end of crack Crack height can be calculate by measuring propagation delayed time of diffraction wave Diffracted wave from upper end of crack Lateral wave Diffracted wave from lower end of crack
TOFD
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Section 6: Selected Applications &
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6.11: Casting 6.12: Inspection of b
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6.1.1 Casting Defects & Discontinui
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Casting Defects & Discontinuities-
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Casting Defects & Discontinuities
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Casting Defects & Discontinuities
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Processing Defects & Discontinuitie
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6.1.3 Welding Defects & Discontinui
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Welding Defects & Discontinuities
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Welding Defects & Discontinuities-
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Service Induced Defects & Discontin
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Figure 4-24 - In a carbon steel sam
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Figure 4-36 - Weld detail used to j
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Figure 4-38 - Failure of DMW joinin
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Figure 4-58 - Cross-sectional view
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Figure 5-2 - Hot Lean Amine Corrosi
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Figure 5-46 - Overhead interstage k
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Figure 5-48 - Metallographic sample
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6.2: Rail Inspection
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The need for a better inspection me
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Transverse Fissure
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One of the methods used to inspect
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Techniques: Examples of axles with
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6.3: Weldments (Welded Joints)
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UT of Weldments (Welded Joints) F s
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Flaw Detection- Depth Determination
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T = Plate Thickness ϴ = Shear wave
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Flaw Detection- Triangulations of r
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To determine the proper scanning ar
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Expert at works
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Typically scanning patterns
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Weld Scanning
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Weld Scanning
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Echo Dynamic- Position of Defects
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Plate Weld Scanning
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Plate Weld Scanning
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Practice Makes Perfect 52. One of t
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6.4: Pipe & Tube
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Pipe & Tube
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Pipe Scanning
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Pipe Scanning 48.59 o max 30 o max
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Pipe Scanning
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Pipe Scanning- thickness/OD ratio W
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Pipe Scanning- Contact Methods
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Q: Calculate the maximum shear wave
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Q35: During immersion testing of pi
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6.5: Echo Dynamic
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6.5.1 Basic echodynamic pattern of
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C.1 Pattern 1 Point-like reflector
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C.2 Pattern 2 Extended (elongated)
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C.3 Pattern 3a Extended (elongated)
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C.3 Pattern 3b Oblique incidence, t
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C.3 Pattern 3b Oblique incidence, t
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C.4 Pattern 4 Multiple reflector re
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Echodynamic- Change of echo height
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Break Time
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Echo Dynamic of Discontinuity- Flaw
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Echo Dynamic of Discontinuity- Impr
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Echo Dynamic of Discontinuity- Refl
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Echo Dynamic of Discontinuity- Tand
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Echo Dynamic of Discontinuity- Tand
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Echo Dynamic- Root Concavity
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Echo Dynamic
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Echo Dynamic
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Echo Dynamic- Broad indication with
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Echo Dynamic
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Echo Dynamic The echo response from
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Echo Dynamic Typical Echo Dynamic P
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Echo Dynamic Typical Echo Dynamic P
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Q183. In immersion testing, irrelev
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Q46. Which best describes a typical
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6.6: Technique Sheets
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Hanger Pin Testing using Shear Wave
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Physical Dimension
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Physical Dimension
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Reporting: Scanning Report - Top of
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Mock-Up
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Mock-Up
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Mock-Up
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Hanger Pin Testing using Shear Wave
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Pitch and Catch Methods- Set-up
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6.7: Material Properties- Elastic M
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6.7.2 The attenuation method The at
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6.7.3 Velocity Measurements Velocit
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Elastic Modulus Measurement - Young
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These basic material properties, wh
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Equipment: The velocity measurement
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Testing Procedure: Equipment Used.
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Velocity & Equations Poisson Ratio
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6.8: High Temperature Ultrasonic Te
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1.0 Background: Although most ultra
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Temperature Limitation: Conventiona
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敦煌大漠美食 -50 度火
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2.0 Methods used for H.Temperature
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For precision thickness gauging app
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(1b) Flaw detection As in high temp
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2.2 High Temperature Couplants Most
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Keyword: Note that normal incidence
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As a general rule, if the outer cas
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2.4 Equipment Functions Freeze Func
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Keyword: ■ ■ Velocity change of
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3.3 Increased Attenuation: Sound at
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3.4 Angular Variation in Wedges: Wi
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6.9: Dimension-Measurement Applicat
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Page 265 and 266: 6.9.3 Position measurements Positio
Page 267 and 268: Fig. 60 Method of determining corre
Page 269 and 270: Fig. 61 Setup for determining the p
Page 271 and 272: 6.10: In-Service Inspection
Page 273 and 274: In-Service Inspection- Testing for
Page 275 and 276: In-Service Inspection- (a) Crack te
Page 277 and 278: In-Service Inspection- (a) Testing
Page 279 and 280: 6.11: Casting
Page 281 and 282: Casting- Typical casting defects an
Page 283 and 284: Casting- Detection of shrinkage cav
Page 285 and 286: Inspection of Bonded Joints If the
Page 287 and 288: 6.13: Corrosion Monitoring
Page 289 and 290: Despite these drawbacks, ultrasonic
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Page 293 and 294: The use of pulse-echo techniques fo
Page 295 and 296: 6.15: Stress Measurements
Page 297 and 298: The real limitation of this techniq
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Page 305 and 306: 6.App-1: TOFD Introduction NOTE: No
Page 307 and 308: TOFD provides a wide area of covera
Page 309 and 310: TOFD offers rapid weld inspection w
Page 311 and 312: Due to the low amplitude of the dif
Page 313: Tips Diffractions
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Page 319 and 320: Figure 5-2 - Hot Lean Amine Corrosi
Page 321 and 322: For these types of weld inspections
Page 323 and 324: Scan of weld with cursor positioned
Page 325 and 326: Measurement of good area shows thic
Page 327 and 328: 6.11.3.3TOFD for Corrosion Measurem
Page 329 and 330: TOFD for Weld- TOFD Parallel Scanni
Page 331 and 332: ■ Perpendicular Scanning Scanning
Page 333 and 334: Typical “Perpendicular” Weld Sc
Page 335 and 336: ■ Benefit of TOFD Parallel Scanni
Page 337 and 338: The Experts at work.
Page 339 and 340: Break Time mms://a588.l3944020587.c
Page 341 and 342: Break Time
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Section 6: Selected Applications & Techniques

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