Section 6: Selected Applications & Techniques

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Keyword: • In typical fine grain carbon steel alloys, attenuation at 5 MHz at room temperature is approximately 2 dB per 100 mm one-way sound path (equivalent to a round trip path of 50 mm each way). • At 500°C or 930°C, attenuation increases to approximately 15 dB per 100 mm of sound path.
3.4 Angular Variation in Wedges: With any high temperature wedge, sound velocity in the wedge material will decrease as it heats up, and thus the refracted angle in metals will increase as the wedge heats up. If this is of concern in a given test, refracted angle should be verified at actual operating temperature. As a practical matter, thermal variations during testing will often make precise determination of the actual refracted angle difficult. Keyword: As a practical matter, thermal variations during testing will often make precise determination of the actual refracted angle difficult.
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Section 6: Selected Applications &
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6.11: Casting 6.12: Inspection of b
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6.1.1 Casting Defects & Discontinui
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Casting Defects & Discontinuities-
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Casting Defects & Discontinuities
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Casting Defects & Discontinuities
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Processing Defects & Discontinuitie
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6.1.3 Welding Defects & Discontinui
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Welding Defects & Discontinuities
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Welding Defects & Discontinuities-
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Service Induced Defects & Discontin
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Figure 4-24 - In a carbon steel sam
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Figure 4-36 - Weld detail used to j
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Figure 4-38 - Failure of DMW joinin
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Figure 4-58 - Cross-sectional view
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Figure 5-2 - Hot Lean Amine Corrosi
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Figure 5-46 - Overhead interstage k
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Figure 5-48 - Metallographic sample
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6.2: Rail Inspection
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The need for a better inspection me
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Transverse Fissure
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One of the methods used to inspect
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Techniques: Examples of axles with
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6.3: Weldments (Welded Joints)
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UT of Weldments (Welded Joints) F s
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Flaw Detection- Depth Determination
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T = Plate Thickness ϴ = Shear wave
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Flaw Detection- Triangulations of r
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To determine the proper scanning ar
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Expert at works
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Typically scanning patterns
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Weld Scanning
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Weld Scanning
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Echo Dynamic- Position of Defects
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Plate Weld Scanning
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Plate Weld Scanning
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Practice Makes Perfect 52. One of t
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6.4: Pipe & Tube
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Pipe & Tube
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Pipe Scanning
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Pipe Scanning 48.59 o max 30 o max
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Pipe Scanning
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Pipe Scanning- thickness/OD ratio W
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Pipe Scanning- Contact Methods
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Q: Calculate the maximum shear wave
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Q35: During immersion testing of pi
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6.5: Echo Dynamic
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6.5.1 Basic echodynamic pattern of
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C.1 Pattern 1 Point-like reflector
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C.2 Pattern 2 Extended (elongated)
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C.3 Pattern 3a Extended (elongated)
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C.3 Pattern 3b Oblique incidence, t
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C.3 Pattern 3b Oblique incidence, t
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C.4 Pattern 4 Multiple reflector re
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Echodynamic- Change of echo height
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Break Time
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Echo Dynamic of Discontinuity- Flaw
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Echo Dynamic of Discontinuity- Impr
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Echo Dynamic of Discontinuity- Refl
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Echo Dynamic of Discontinuity- Tand
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Echo Dynamic of Discontinuity- Tand
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Echo Dynamic- Root Concavity
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Echo Dynamic
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Echo Dynamic
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Echo Dynamic- Broad indication with
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Echo Dynamic
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Echo Dynamic The echo response from
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Echo Dynamic Typical Echo Dynamic P
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Echo Dynamic Typical Echo Dynamic P
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Q183. In immersion testing, irrelev
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Q46. Which best describes a typical
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6.6: Technique Sheets
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Hanger Pin Testing using Shear Wave
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Physical Dimension
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Physical Dimension
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Reporting: Scanning Report - Top of
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Mock-Up
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Mock-Up
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Page 213 and 214: 6.7.2 The attenuation method The at
Page 215 and 216: 6.7.3 Velocity Measurements Velocit
Page 217 and 218: Elastic Modulus Measurement - Young
Page 219 and 220: These basic material properties, wh
Page 221 and 222: Equipment: The velocity measurement
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Page 225 and 226: Velocity & Equations Poisson Ratio
Page 227 and 228: 6.8: High Temperature Ultrasonic Te
Page 229 and 230: 1.0 Background: Although most ultra
Page 231 and 232: Temperature Limitation: Conventiona
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Page 239 and 240: 2.0 Methods used for H.Temperature
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Page 247 and 248: Keyword: Note that normal incidence
Page 249 and 250: As a general rule, if the outer cas
Page 251 and 252: 2.4 Equipment Functions Freeze Func
Page 253 and 254: Keyword: ■ ■ Velocity change of
Page 255: 3.3 Increased Attenuation: Sound at
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Page 265 and 266: 6.9.3 Position measurements Positio
Page 267 and 268: Fig. 60 Method of determining corre
Page 269 and 270: Fig. 61 Setup for determining the p
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Page 283 and 284: Casting- Detection of shrinkage cav
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TOFD provides a wide area of covera
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TOFD offers rapid weld inspection w
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Due to the low amplitude of the dif
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Tips Diffractions
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TOFD
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TOFD has been used for some time fo
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Figure 5-2 - Hot Lean Amine Corrosi
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For these types of weld inspections
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Scan of weld with cursor positioned
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Measurement of good area shows thic
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6.11.3.3TOFD for Corrosion Measurem
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TOFD for Weld- TOFD Parallel Scanni
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■ Perpendicular Scanning Scanning
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Typical “Perpendicular” Weld Sc
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■ Benefit of TOFD Parallel Scanni
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The Experts at work.
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Break Time mms://a588.l3944020587.c
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Break Time
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Section 6: Selected Applications & Techniques

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