Section 6: Selected Applications & Techniques

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Q144. A thin sheet may be inspected with the ultrasonic wavw direction normal to the surface by observing: A. The amplitude of the front surface reflection B. The multiple reflection pattern C. All front surface reflection D. None of the above
6.10: In-Service Inspection
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Section 6: Selected Applications &
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6.11: Casting 6.12: Inspection of b
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6.1.1 Casting Defects & Discontinui
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Casting Defects & Discontinuities-
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Casting Defects & Discontinuities
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Casting Defects & Discontinuities
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Processing Defects & Discontinuitie
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6.1.3 Welding Defects & Discontinui
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Welding Defects & Discontinuities
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Welding Defects & Discontinuities-
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Service Induced Defects & Discontin
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Figure 4-24 - In a carbon steel sam
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Figure 4-36 - Weld detail used to j
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Figure 4-38 - Failure of DMW joinin
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Figure 4-58 - Cross-sectional view
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Figure 5-2 - Hot Lean Amine Corrosi
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Figure 5-46 - Overhead interstage k
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Figure 5-48 - Metallographic sample
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6.2: Rail Inspection
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The need for a better inspection me
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Transverse Fissure
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One of the methods used to inspect
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Techniques: Examples of axles with
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6.3: Weldments (Welded Joints)
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UT of Weldments (Welded Joints) F s
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Flaw Detection- Depth Determination
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T = Plate Thickness ϴ = Shear wave
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Flaw Detection- Triangulations of r
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To determine the proper scanning ar
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Expert at works
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Typically scanning patterns
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Weld Scanning
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Weld Scanning
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Echo Dynamic- Position of Defects
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Plate Weld Scanning
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Plate Weld Scanning
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Practice Makes Perfect 52. One of t
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6.4: Pipe & Tube
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Pipe & Tube
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Pipe Scanning
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Pipe Scanning 48.59 o max 30 o max
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Pipe Scanning
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Pipe Scanning- thickness/OD ratio W
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Pipe Scanning- Contact Methods
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Q: Calculate the maximum shear wave
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Q35: During immersion testing of pi
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6.5: Echo Dynamic
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6.5.1 Basic echodynamic pattern of
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C.1 Pattern 1 Point-like reflector
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C.2 Pattern 2 Extended (elongated)
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C.3 Pattern 3a Extended (elongated)
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C.3 Pattern 3b Oblique incidence, t
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C.3 Pattern 3b Oblique incidence, t
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C.4 Pattern 4 Multiple reflector re
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Echodynamic- Change of echo height
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Break Time
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Echo Dynamic of Discontinuity- Flaw
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Echo Dynamic of Discontinuity- Impr
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Echo Dynamic of Discontinuity- Refl
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Echo Dynamic of Discontinuity- Tand
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Echo Dynamic of Discontinuity- Tand
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Echo Dynamic- Root Concavity
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Echo Dynamic
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Echo Dynamic
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Echo Dynamic- Broad indication with
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Echo Dynamic
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Echo Dynamic The echo response from
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Echo Dynamic Typical Echo Dynamic P
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Echo Dynamic Typical Echo Dynamic P
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Q183. In immersion testing, irrelev
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Q46. Which best describes a typical
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6.6: Technique Sheets
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Hanger Pin Testing using Shear Wave
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Physical Dimension
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Physical Dimension
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Reporting: Scanning Report - Top of
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Mock-Up
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Mock-Up
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Mock-Up
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Hanger Pin Testing using Shear Wave
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Pitch and Catch Methods- Set-up
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6.7: Material Properties- Elastic M
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6.7.2 The attenuation method The at
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6.7.3 Velocity Measurements Velocit
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Elastic Modulus Measurement - Young
Page 219 and 220: These basic material properties, wh
Page 221 and 222: Equipment: The velocity measurement
Page 223 and 224: Testing Procedure: Equipment Used.
Page 225 and 226: Velocity & Equations Poisson Ratio
Page 227 and 228: 6.8: High Temperature Ultrasonic Te
Page 229 and 230: 1.0 Background: Although most ultra
Page 231 and 232: Temperature Limitation: Conventiona
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Page 239 and 240: 2.0 Methods used for H.Temperature
Page 241 and 242: For precision thickness gauging app
Page 243 and 244: (1b) Flaw detection As in high temp
Page 245 and 246: 2.2 High Temperature Couplants Most
Page 247 and 248: Keyword: Note that normal incidence
Page 249 and 250: As a general rule, if the outer cas
Page 251 and 252: 2.4 Equipment Functions Freeze Func
Page 253 and 254: Keyword: ■ ■ Velocity change of
Page 255 and 256: 3.3 Increased Attenuation: Sound at
Page 257 and 258: 3.4 Angular Variation in Wedges: Wi
Page 259: 6.9: Dimension-Measurement Applicat
Page 263 and 264: 6.9.2 Thickness measurements are ma
Page 265 and 266: 6.9.3 Position measurements Positio
Page 267 and 268: Fig. 60 Method of determining corre
Page 269: Fig. 61 Setup for determining the p
Page 273 and 274: In-Service Inspection- Testing for
Page 275 and 276: In-Service Inspection- (a) Crack te
Page 277 and 278: In-Service Inspection- (a) Testing
Page 279 and 280: 6.11: Casting
Page 281 and 282: Casting- Typical casting defects an
Page 283 and 284: Casting- Detection of shrinkage cav
Page 285 and 286: Inspection of Bonded Joints If the
Page 287 and 288: 6.13: Corrosion Monitoring
Page 289 and 290: Despite these drawbacks, ultrasonic
Page 291 and 292: Crack Monitoring Laboratory and in-
Page 293 and 294: The use of pulse-echo techniques fo
Page 295 and 296: 6.15: Stress Measurements
Page 297 and 298: The real limitation of this techniq
Page 299 and 300: The real limitation of
Page 305 and 306: 6.App-1: TOFD Introduction NOTE: No
Page 307 and 308: TOFD provides a wide area of covera
Page 309 and 310: TOFD offers rapid weld inspection w
Page 311 and 312: Due to the low amplitude of the dif
Page 313 and 314: Tips Diffractions
Page 315 and 316: TOFD
Page 317 and 318: TOFD has been used for some time fo
Page 319 and 320: Figure 5-2 - Hot Lean Amine Corrosi
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For these types of weld inspections
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Scan of weld with cursor positioned
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Measurement of good area shows thic
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6.11.3.3TOFD for Corrosion Measurem
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TOFD for Weld- TOFD Parallel Scanni
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■ Perpendicular Scanning Scanning
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Typical “Perpendicular” Weld Sc
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■ Benefit of TOFD Parallel Scanni
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The Experts at work.
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Break Time mms://a588.l3944020587.c
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Break Time
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Section 6: Selected Applications & Techniques

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