Commercial driver's guide to operation, safety and licensing

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• Back off the accelerator when going over the top of a hill and let gravity and momentum do the work. • Use cruise control where appropriate. • Reduce your average speed - driving fast eats up fuel no matter what you drive. • Change gears smoothly - shifting professionally will result in about 30% improvement in operating costs. • Always use the clutch, failure to do so can wear the gear teeth down in the transmission. • Practice progressive gear shifting at approximately 1600 rpm. Shifting before you reach the maximum governed rpm reduces equipment wear, decreases noise levels and saves fuel. • Run the engine in the highest gear range to keep it in a low rev range. • Use your retarder properly and turn it off when you do not need it - let the terrain work for you. Idling Idling a truck engine burns up to four litres of fuel per hour at 900 rpm. Turn off your engine when you stop for any length of time - you will save fuel, reduce maintenance requirements, prolong engine life and prevent unnecessary emissions. If a 10-truck fleet were to cut idling by an hour a day for 260 days, it would save approximately 10,400 litres of fuel ($11,440 at $1.10 per litre). A 100-truck fleet would save $114,400 and a 500-truck fleet $572,000. Taking advantage of technology New engine designs offer great benefits, delivering more horsepower and torque in lower rpm ranges. You can downshift at about 1200 rpm and up-shift at about 1600 rpm - rather than 2000 rpm. You shift less, save money, and generate fewer emissions. Keeping up with road conditions Smart, fuel-efficient driving is also safe driving. Different road and traffic conditions present different challenges. As a driver, it’s important for you to keep the following in mind: • Light: Adjust your driving based on visibility. Wear sunglasses in bright conditions and reduce speed in poor light conditions. • Posture: Keep your seat adjusted to the correct position for comfort, alertness, visibility and access to controls. • Traffic: Try to travel at the same speed as other traffic, staying within the speed limit. Be considerate and give way to other drivers. Street smart Managing your road speed with smart driving techniques allows you to keep your speed more constant and increase fuel efficiency. Generally, for every 10 km/h over 90km/h you use 10% more fuel. CHAPTER ELEVEN Fueling and Fuel Efficiency 93
Driving defensively Smart driving is both an attitude and a skill. A sharp mind and shrewd decision making can go a long way toward protecting your safety and the safety of others - not to mention increasing fuel efficiency. Defensive driving allows you to anticipate hazards and maintain a constant speed. When you drive defensively, you conserve your momentum - which means you do not have to continually build up lost speed. Power not used is fuel not burned. Here are some helpful tactics: • Do not let frustration push you into making unsafe passes or other maneuvers. • Look ahead and anticipate stops. It’s more efficient to coast to a stop than to brake. • Maintain a safe following distance of four seconds. • Be aware of your blind spots and check them regularly. • Be aware of your own physical and mental condition including the effects of alcohol and drugs, age, attitude, illness, fatigue, emotion and diet. Safe stopping Keep a safe following distance so you can always brake safely and efficiently. Driving at 70km/h requires a stopping distance of about 300 feet (90 meters). 94 A Commercial Driver’s Guide to Operation, Safety and Licensing
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COMMERCIAL DRIVER’S GUIDE to Oper
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Introduction Being a professional d
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This guide, along with the Driver
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5 Operating Class 2 Vehicles 8 Tran
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Information about the Class 7 and 5
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·· You are legally responsible to
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Class 4 Road Test • An applicant
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(ii) that is used or intended to be
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NOTES 16 A Commercial Driver’s Gu
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On April 1, 1989 each province and
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• ensure the vehicle is inspected
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• the driver returns to the home
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If cargo is not properly secured, t
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Purpose of daily vehicle inspection
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There are vehicle inspectors throug
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steering mechanism has no bent, bro
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possible, have another person activ
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Passenger side of a vehicle All Veh
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Step 5 (Air system leaks) Push bot
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NOTES 38 A Commercial Driver’s Gu
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Maximum overall length 23m (75.5ft.
Page 43 and 44: IF WEIGHT IS DOUBLED BRAKING FORCE
Page 45 and 46: Uncoupling The basic steps for unco
Page 47 and 48: Two bars mean there is only one art
Page 49 and 50: oad or traffic conditions are poor,
Page 51 and 52: Parking Always select a safe place
Page 53 and 54: Reversing from the blind side uses
Page 55 and 56: SCHOOL BUS Information for class 2
Page 57 and 58: Remember, even with a guide, you ar
Page 59 and 60: • If a driver of a vehicle does n
Page 61 and 62: will need to assess the situation a
Page 63 and 64: Examples of Class 3 motor vehicles
Page 65 and 66: Mixer truck operators Mixer trucks
Page 67 and 68: Emergency Medical Services Examples
Page 69 and 70: of other road users and their drivi
Page 71 and 72: NOTES 70 A Commercial Driver’s Gu
Page 73 and 74: As a driver of persons with disabil
Page 77 and 78: The laws on dangerous goods state t
Page 79 and 80: Class 7: 7 Radioactive materials Ra
Page 83 and 84: Distracted driving law for commerci
Page 85 and 86: • Having wandering, disconnected
Page 87 and 88: Know the law Controlled crossings 3
Page 91 and 92: Fueling a vehicle Gasoline and dies
Page 93: e.g., reduce speed when there’s a
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Commercial driver's guide to operation, safety and licensing

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