Six Articles on Electronic - Craig Ball

Craig Ball © 2007
native application. Once again, decide if metadata is important and require its preservation
when appropriate.
PowerPoint Presentations:
You can produce a simple PowerPoint presentation as an electronically searchable image file in
PDF or TIFF, but if the presentation is animated, it’s a poor candidate for production as an
image because animated objects may be invisible or displayed as incomprehensible layers.
Instead, native or hosted production is appropriate. Like spreadsheets, native production
necessitates preservation of original metadata, which may change by viewing the presentation.
Voice Mail
Often overlooked in e-discovery, voice mail messages and taped conversations (such as
recorded broker-client transactions) may be vitally important evidence. As voice mail converges
with e-mail in so-called integrated messaging systems, it’s increasingly common to see voice
mail messages in e-mail boxes. Seek production of voice mail in common sound formats such
as .WAV or .MP3, and be certain to obtain voice mail metadata correlated with the audio
because information about, e.g., the intended recipient of the voice message or time of its
receipt, is typically not a part of the voice message.
Instant Messaging
Instant messaging or IM is similar to e-mail except that exchanges are in real-time and
messages generally aren’t stored unless the user activates logging or the network captures
traffic. IM use in business is growing explosively despite corporate policies discouraging it.
Some companies take the head-in-the-sand posture that none of their employees use IM and,
pretending IM doesn’t exist, take no steps to preserve IM transactions. But in certain regulated
environments, notably securities brokerage, the law requires preservation of IM traffic. Still,
requests for discovery of IM exchanges are commonly met with the response, “We don’t have
any.” Because individual users control whether or note to log IM exchanges, a responding party
can’t make global assertions about the existence of IM threads without examining each user’s
local machine. Although IM applications use proprietary formats and protocols, most IM traffic
easily converts to plain text and can be produced as an ASCII- or word processor-compatible
files.
Databases
Enterprises increasingly rely on databases to manage business processes. Responsive
evidence may exist only as answers obtained by querying a database. Databases present
enormous e-discovery challenges. Specify production of the underlying dataset and application
and you’ll likely face objections that the request for production is overbroad or intrudes into trade
secrets or the privacy rights of third parties. Producing parties may refuse to furnish copies of
database applications arguing that doing so violates user licenses. But getting your own license
for applications like Oracle or SAP and assembling the hardware needed to run them can be
prohibitive.
If you seek the dataset, specify in your request for production the appropriate back up procedure
for the database application geared to capture all of the data libraries, templates and
configuration files required to load and run the database. If you simply request the data without
securing a backup of the entire database environment, you may find yourself missing an
essential component. By demanding that data be backed up according to the publisher’s
recommended methodology, you’ll have an easier time restoring that data, but be sure the
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