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Full Issue (17 MB) - Pile Driving Contractors Association

Full Issue (17 MB) - Pile Driving Contractors Association

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Monitoring <strong>Pile</strong> <strong>Driving</strong><br />

Vibrations – Problem Avoidance<br />

By David Harrison<br />

In today’s legal environment, protecting pile driving projects<br />

from fraudulent or errant claims resulting from vibrations<br />

produced from pile driving construction activities is<br />

important. This can be achieved with good science and data<br />

collection prior to and during pile driving activities.<br />

Ground vibration is essentially wasted energy - not all of<br />

the energy from the pile driving hammer goes into driving the<br />

pile in the ground. Some wasted energy is released as ground<br />

vibrations, air concussion and noise. The primary concern<br />

with ground vibration is its potential to damage surrounding<br />

properties. It is important to distinguish between structural<br />

damage and damage that is of a cosmetic nature.<br />

Seismographs should be used to monitor ground vibrations<br />

and impulse noise levels. These instruments continuously<br />

monitor the two horizontal and one vertical component<br />

of motion and record the maximum. The maximum resultant<br />

vector of velocity in these three directions is called the Peak<br />

Particle Velocity (PPV) and is the main output parameter<br />

reported by the seismograph. PPV is typically measured in<br />

inches per second.<br />

Overpressure is the acoustic parameter measured by the<br />

seismograph and is measured in decibels indicated by the symbol<br />

dB(L).<br />

Another measurement tool is human perception People<br />

can feel vibrations well below those levels necessary to cause<br />

damage, and as such, human perception should not be used as<br />

an indicator of the damage potential of vibrations.<br />

AREAS OF CONCERN<br />

Areas of concern for vibrations from pile driving operations<br />

include building damage, soil settlement, buried utilities,<br />

human perception, toppling of loose objects and sensitive<br />

equipment and computers.<br />

Damage Potential to Buildings<br />

Vibration standards are in units of particle velocity with<br />

frequency dependency. These standards are designed to protect<br />

drywall and plaster from cosmetic cracking; structural<br />

damage would require two to five times higher vibrations than<br />

the generally applied standards.<br />

Vibration Standards-Transient (Impact Hammer)<br />

Below is a list of acceptable vibration limits for transient<br />

vibration levels for pile driving and other construction activities<br />

developed by the US Bureau of Mines (RI 8507):<br />

• Limits PPV to 19.05 mm/sec (0.75 in/sec) for low<br />

frequency vibrations (

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