Vol 43 # 3 September 2011 - Kma.org.kw

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258 Forthcoming Conferences and Meetings September 2011 Pathology Update 2011 November 11-12, 2011 Toronto, Canada Contact: Continuing Education & Professional Development, 650-500 University Ave Tel: 416.978.2719; Fax: 416.946.7028 Email: info-lmp1101@cepdtoronto.ca Back Talk | A Comprehensive Review and Practical Approach to Spinal Diagnosis and Treatment Nov 11 - 12, 2011 Renaissance Indianapolis North Hotel, Carmel, IN, United States Contact: Lisa Kriech/ Karen Busse, 8402 Harcourt Rd, #400, Indpls, IN 46220 Tel: 3172287000; Fax: 3172289029 Email: kbusse@indianaspinegroup.com Sepsis Congress 2011 Nov 12 - 13, 2011 The Leela Kempinski hotel, New Delhi, India Contact: Dr O Singh/ Dr Y Javeri, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Max Super Specialty Hospital 1, Press Enclave Road, Saket, New Delhi, India 110017 Tel: +91-9999261685 Email: sepsis.congress@gmail.com Mayo Clinic Cancer Center Lung Cancer Symposium: Thoracic Oncology for the Non-Oncologist Nov 12, 2011 Mayo Clinic - Ashton B. Taylor Auditorium, Scottsdale, AZ, United States Contact: Mayo CME Team, 13400 E. Shea Boulevard, Scottsdale, AZ 85259 Tel: (480) 301-4580; Fax: (480) 301-8323 Email: mca.cme@mayo.edu Laser Aesthetics Course Nov 12 - 13, 2011 Beckman Laser Institute, Irvine, CA, United States Contact: Barb Brown, 2100 Stewart Avenue, Wausau, WI 54401 Tel: 715-845-9283; Fax: 715-848-2493 Email: barb@aslms.org Third Annual Coronary CTA in the ED: A Hands On Workshop Nov 12 - 13, 2011 Fontainebleau Hotel, Miami Beach, FL, United States Contact: Julie Zimmett, 8900 N. Kendall Drive, Miami, FL Tel: 7865962398 Email: juliez@baptisthealth.net XX World Congress of Neurology Nov 12 - 17, 2011 Palais des Congrès de la Palmeraie, Marrakesh, Morocco Contact: Secretariat, 1-3 Rue de Chantepoulet, CH-1211 Geneva 1 Tel: +41 22 908 0488; Fax: +41 22 906 9140 Email: wcn@kenes.com Family Medicine: Pulmonology and Sleep Disorders Novr 12 - 19, 2011 Norwegian Cruise Line’s Pride of America, Honolulu, HI, United States Contact: Reservations, 5700 4th Street N. St Petersburg, Florida 33703 Tel: 1 800 422 0711 Fax: 1 727 522 8304 Email: contactus@continuingeducation.net 7 th World Congress of the World Society for Pediatric Infectious Diseases Nov 16 - 19, 2011 Melbourne Convention Exhibition Centre, Melbourne, Australia Contact: Secretariat, 1-3, rue de Chantepoulet, Geneva 1 Tel: +41 22 908 0488; Fax: +41 22 906 9140 Email: wspid@kenes.com Laboratory Diagnosis of Fungal Infections: The Last Course Nov 16-18, 2011 Kahler Grand Hotel, Rochester, MN, United States Contact: Kay Kenitz, 3050 Superior Drive NW, Rochester, Minnesota 55901 Tel: 800-533-1710 Email: kenitz.mary@mayo.edu 5 th Autoimmunity Congress Asia Nov 17 - 19, 2011 Suntec Singapore, Singapore, Singapore Contact: Secretariat, 1-3, Rue de Chantepoulet,CH-1211 Geneva 1 Tel: +41 22 908 0488; Fax: +41 22 906 9140 Email: aca@kenes.com 14 th World Congress on Controversies in Obstetrics, Gynecology & Infertility (COGITM) Nov 17 - 20, 2011 Le Meridien Montparnasse, Paris, France Contact: Ruthi Yahav, 10 quai Charles de Gaulle, Lyon 69463, France Tel: 33 4 78 176 176; Fax: 33 4 78 176 257 Email: cogi@congressmed.com
September 2011 KUWAIT MEDICAL JOURNAL 259 WHO-Facts Sheet 1. Hepatitis C 2. Yellow fever 3. Disability and Health 4. Environmental and Occupational Cancers 5. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Compiled and edited by Babichan K Chandy Kuwait Medical Journal 2011, 43 (3): 259-266 1. HEPATITIS C Hepatitis C is a contagious liver disease that results from infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV). It can range in severity from a mild illness lasting a few weeks to a serious, lifelong illness. HCV is usually spread when blood from a person infected with HCV enters the body of someone who is not infected. HCV is among the most common viruses that infect the liver. It is estimated that 3 – 4 million people are infected with HCV each year. Some 130 –170 million people are chronically infected with HCV and at risk of developing liver cirrhosis and/or liver cancer. More than 350,000 people die from HCV-related liver diseases each year. HCV infection is found worldwide. Countries with high rates of chronic infection are Egypt (22%), Pakistan (4.8%) and China (3.2%). The main mode of transmission in these countries is attributed to unsafe injections using contaminated equipment. KEY FACTS • Hepatitis C is a liver disease caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV). • HCV infection sometimes results in an acute symtomatic illness. It can range in severity from a mild illness lasting a few weeks to a serious, lifelong chronic condition that can lead to cirrhosis of the liver and liver cancer. • HCV is transmitted through contact with the blood of an infected person. • About 130 – 170 million people are chronically infected with hepatitis C virus, and more than 350,000 people die from hepatitis C-related liver diseases each year. • HCV infection is curable using increasingly effective antivirals. • Despite ongoing research, there is currently no vaccine to prevent hepatitis C virus infection. Transmission The virus is most commonly transmitted through exposure to infectious blood such as through: receipt of contaminated blood transfusions, blood products, and organ transplants; injections given with contaminated syringes, needle-stick injuries in health-care settings; injection drug use; being born to an HCV-infected mother. It is less commonly transmitted through sex with an infected person and sharing of personal items contaminated with infectious blood. Hepatitis C is not spread through breastmilk, food or water or by casual contact such as hugging, kissing and sharing food or drinks with an infected person. Getting tested Knowing one’s infection status can prevent health problems that may result from HCV infection and prevent transmission to family and close contacts. Some countries recommend screening for individuals who may be at risk for infection. These include: • individuals who received blood, blood products or organs before screening for HCV was implemented or where screening was not yet widespread; • current or former injecting drug users (even those who injected drugs once many years ago); • patients on long-term hemodialysis; • health-care workers; • people living with HIV; • individuals with abnormal liver tests or liver disease; • infants born to infected mothers. PREVENTION Primary prevention No vaccine exists to prevent HCV infection, unlike those for hepatitis A and B virus. The risk of infection can be reduced by avoiding: • unnecessary and unsafe injections; • unsafe blood products; Address correspondence to: Office of the Spokesperson, WHO, Geneva. Tel.: (+41 22) 791 2599; Fax (+41 22) 791 4858; Email: inf@who.int; Web site: http://www.who.int/
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