Weed Control Methods Handbook: Tools ... - Invasive.org

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Imazapyr 7h.7 Malefyt, T. and L. S. Quakenbush. 1991. Influences of environmental factors on the biological activity of the imidazolinone herbicides. Chpt. 8 in The Imidazolinone Herbicides, D. L. Shaner and S. L. O’Connor, eds. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL. 290 pgs. Mallipudi, N. M., S. J. Stout, A. R. daCunha, and A. Lee. 1991. Photolysis of imazapyr (AC 243997) herbicide in aqueous media. J. Agric. Food Chem. 39(2):412-417. Mangels, G. 1991a. Behavior of the imidazolinone herbicides in the aquatic environment. Chpt 15 in The Imidazolinone Herbicides, D. L. Shaner and S. L. O’Connor, eds. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL. 290 pgs. Mangels, G. 1991b. Behavior of the imidazolinone herbicides in soil – a review of the literature. Chpt 16 in The Imidazolinone Herbicides, D.L. Shaner and S. L. O’Connor, eds. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL. 290 pgs. McDowell, R. W., L. M. Condron, B. E. Main, and F. Dastgheib. 1997. Dissipation of imazapyr, flumetsulam and thifensulfuron in soil. Weed Res. 37:381-389. Miller, P., C. H. Fung, and B. Gingher. 1991. Animal metabolism. Chpt 12 in The Imidazolinone Herbicides, D.L. Shaner and S. L. O’Connor, eds. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL. 290 pgs. Patten, K. 2002. Smooth cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora) control with imazapyr. Weed Technology 16: 826-832. Patten, K. 2003. Persistence and non-target impact of imazapyr associated with smooth cordgrass control in an estuary. Journal of Aquatic Plant Management 41: 1-6. Peoples, T. R. 1984. Arsenal herbicide (AC 252,925): a development overview. Proc. South. Weed Sci. Soc. 37:378-387. Pusino, A., S. Petretto, and C. Gessa. 1997. Adsorption and desorption of imazapyr by soil. J. Agric. Food Chem. 45:1012-1018. Shaner, D. L. and N. M. Mallipudi. 1991. Mechanisms of selectivity of the imidazolinone herbicides. Chpt 7 in The Imidazolinone Herbicides, D.L. Shaner and S. L. O’Connor, eds. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL. 290 pgs. Vizantinopoulos, S., and P. Lolos. 1994. Persistence and leaching of the herbicide imazapyr in soil. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 52:404-410. Vollmer, J. 2003. Personal Communication. BASF Ecological Restoration Specialist. WSDA. No date. Washington State Department of Agriculture Pesticide Fact Sheet, available at: http://agr.wa.gov/PlantsInsects/Weeds/Imazypyr/docs/ImazapyrFactSheet.pdf. Accessed April 14, 2004. WSSA. 1994. Herbicide handbook. Weed Society of America. Champaign, Illinois. 352 pp. Date Authored: April 2001 Updated: June 2004 Weed Control Methods Handbook, The Nature Conservancy, Tu et al. http://tncweeds.ucdavis.edu
Picloram 7i.1 PICLORAM Herbicide Basics Chemical formula: 4-amino- 3,5,6-trichloro-2- pyridinecarboxylic acid Herbicide Family: Pyridine (Picolinic acid) Target Species: broadleaf herbs, vines, and woody plants, esp. leafy spurge Forms: salt, & ester Formulations: SL, EC Mode of Action: Auxin mimic Water Solubility: 430 ppm Sorption potential: low Primary degradation mech: Microbial and chemical degradation Average Soil Half-life: 90 days Mobility Potential: high Dermal LD50 for rabbits: >2,000 mg/kg Oral LD50 for rats: >5,000 mg/kg LC50 for bluegill sunfish: >14.5 mg/L Trade Names: Grazon ® , Tordon ® , Access ® , and Pathway ® Manufacturer: Dow AgroSciences Synopsis Picloram kills or damages annual and perennial broadleaf herbs and woody plants. It acts as an “auxin mimic” or synthetic growth hormone that causes uncontrolled and disorganized growth in susceptible plants. Picloram does not bind strongly with soil particles and is not degraded rapidly in the environment, allowing it to be highly mobile and persistent (half-life of picloram in soils can range from one month to several years). In soils, picloram is degraded primarily by microbial metabolism, but it can be degraded by sunlight when directly exposed in water or on the surface of plants or soil. Picloram can move off-site through surface or subsurface runoff and has been found in the groundwater of 11 states. Picloram may also “leak” out of the roots of treated plants, and be taken up by nearby, desirable species. Picloram is not highly toxic to birds, mammals, and aquatic species. Some formulations are highly toxic if inhaled, while other formulations can cause severe eye damage if splashed into the eyes. Because of the persistence of picloram in the environment, chronic exposure to wildlife is a concern, and studies have found weight loss and liver damage in mammals following long term exposure to high concentrations. Concentrations in runoff reported by researchers are often adequate to prevent the growth of non-target terrestrial and aquatic plants, and therefore, picloram should not be applied near waters used for irrigation. Weed Control Methods Handbook, The Nature Conservancy, Tu et al.
Page 1 and 2:
Weed Control Methods Handbook: Tool
Page 3 and 4:
Introduction Intro.1 INTRODUCTION I
Page 5 and 6:
Introduction Intro.3 Information on
Page 7 and 8:
Manual & Mechanical Techniques 1.2
Page 9 and 10:
Page 11 and 12:
Page 13 and 14:
Grazing 2.1 Chapter 2 - GRAZING Gra
Page 15 and 16:
Grazing 2.3 Grazing will often resu
Page 17 and 18:
Grazing 2.5 from being grazed. Beca
Page 19 and 20:
Prescribed Fire 3.1 Chapter 3 - PRE
Page 21 and 22:
Prescribed Fire 3.3 the professiona
Page 23 and 24:
Prescribed Fire 3.5 OTHER CONSIDERA
Page 25 and 26:
Prescribed Fire 3.7 Scientific Name
Page 27 and 28:
Prescribed Fire 3.9 Mauer, T. 1985.
Page 29 and 30:
Biological Control 4.2 biocontrol p
Page 31 and 32:
Biological Control 4.4 Galerucella
Page 33 and 34:
Biological Control 4.6 may pose to
Page 35 and 36:
Biological Control 4.8 Table 1a (co
Page 37 and 38:
Biological Control 4.10 Excellent u
Page 39 and 40:
Biological Control 4.12 TNC POLICIE
Page 41 and 42:
Biological Control 4.14 Obtaining a
Page 43 and 44:
Biological Control 4.16 establish o
Page 45 and 46:
Biological Control 4.18 will likely
Page 47 and 48:
Biological Control 4.20 340 In E.S.
Page 49 and 50:
Biological Control 4.22 McEvoy, P.B
Page 51 and 52:
Biological Control 4.24 Wymore, L.A
Page 53 and 54:
Guidelines for Herbicide Use 5.2 3.
Page 55 and 56:
Guidelines for Herbicide Use 5.4 HE
Page 57 and 58:
Guidelines for Herbicide Use 5.6 PE
Page 59 and 60:
Guidelines for Herbicide Use 5.8 He
Page 61 and 62:
Guidelines for Herbicide Use 5.10 c
Page 63 and 64:
Guidelines for Herbicide Use 5.12 3
Page 65 and 66:
Guidelines for Herbicide Use 5.14 S
Page 67 and 68:
Guidelines for Herbicide Use 5.16 C
Page 69 and 70:
Guidelines for Herbicide Use 5.18 I
Page 71 and 72:
Herbicide Properties 6.2 Some of th
Page 73 and 74:
Herbicide Properties 6.4 Imazapyr,
Page 75 and 76:
Herbicide Properties 6.6 Adjuvants
Page 77 and 78:
Herbicide Properties 6.8 to soil pa
Page 79 and 80:
Herbicide Properties 6.10 may provi
Page 81 and 82:
Herbicide Properties 6.12 LD50s det
Page 83 and 84:
Herbicide Properties Herbicide 2,4
Page 85 and 86:
Degradation Mechanism Toxicity & [E
Page 87 and 88:
2,4-D 7a.1 2,4-D Herbicide Basics C
Page 89 and 90:
2,4-D 7a.3 also stimulate RNA, DNA,
Page 91 and 92:
2,4-D 7a.5 Half-lives are short, ra
Page 93 and 94:
2,4-D 7a.7 2,4-D can accumulate in
Page 95 and 96:
2,4-D 7a.9 Han, S. O. and P. B. New
Page 97 and 98: Clopyralid 7b.1 M. Tu, C. Hurd, R.
Page 99 and 100: Clopyralid 7b.3 Summary: In soil an
Page 101 and 102: Clopyralid 7b.5 et al. (1997) concl
Page 103 and 104: Fluazifop-p-butyl 7c.1 FLUAZIFOP-P-
Page 105 and 106: Fluazifop-p-butyl 7c.3 The cells th
Page 107 and 108: Fluazifop-p-butyl 7c.5 Application
Page 109 and 110: Fosamine 7d.1 FOSAMINE AMMONIUM Her
Page 111 and 112: Fosamine 7d.3 Microbial Degradation
Page 113 and 114: Fosamine 7d.5 According to Barring
Page 115 and 116: Glyphosate 7e.1 M. Tu, C. Hurd, R.
Page 117 and 118: Glyphosate 7e.3 Mode of Action: Gly
Page 119 and 120: Glyphosate 7e.5 Because glyphosate
Page 121 and 122: Glyphosate 7e.7 Application Conside
Page 123 and 124: Glyphosate 7e.9 Roberts, R.O. and S
Page 125 and 126: Hexazinone 7f.1 HEXAZINONE Herbicid
Page 127 and 128: Hexazinone 7f.3 Volatilization Hexa
Page 129 and 130: Hexazinone 7f.5 Mayack et al. (1982
Page 131 and 132: Hexazinone 7f.7 If chronic exposure
Page 133 and 134: Hexazinone 7f.9 Lavy, T. L., J. D.
Page 135 and 136: Imazapic 7g.1 IMAZAPIC Herbicide Ba
Page 137 and 138: Imazapic 7g.3 application. They hav
Page 139 and 140: Imazapic 7g.5 studies do not indica
Page 141 and 142: Imazapic 7g.7 Beran, D.D., Masters,
Page 143 and 144: Imazapyr 7h.2 Herbicide Details Che
Page 145 and 146: Imazapyr 7h.4 adsorption of imazapy
Page 147: Imazapyr 7h.6 apply imazapyr direct
Page 151 and 152: Picloram 7i.3 western Minnesota. It
Page 153 and 154: Picloram 7i.5 al. 1967; Jotcham et
Page 155 and 156: Picloram 7i.7 Safety Measures: Picl
Page 157 and 158: Picloram 7i.9 Meikle, R. W., E. A.
Page 159 and 160: Sethoxydim 7j.2 Herbicide Details C
Page 161 and 162: Sethoxydim 7j.4 Water In water, set
Page 163 and 164: Triclopyr 7k.1 M. Tu, C. Hurd, R. R
Page 165 and 166: Triclopyr 7k.3 coordination. Low co
Page 167 and 168: Triclopyr 7k.5 Water In water, the
Page 169 and 170: Triclopyr 7k.7 Application Consider
Page 171 and 172: Adjuvants 8.1 M. Tu & J.M. Randall
Page 173 and 174: Adjuvants 8.3 how certain adjuvants
Page 175 and 176: Adjuvants 8.5 How to choose an adju
Page 177 and 178: Adjuvants 8.7 REGULATION OF ADJUVAN
Page 179 and 180: Adjuvants 8.9 1999; Kirkwood 1994).
Page 181 and 182: Adjuvants 8.11 Box 6: Hydrophilic-L
Page 183 and 184: Adjuvants 8.13 Petroleum oils Petro
Page 185 and 186: Adjuvants 8.15 Foaming agents also
Page 187 and 188: Adjuvants 8.17 polyethylene glycol,
Page 189 and 190: Adjuvants 8.19 Bob Brenton and Rob
Page 191 and 192: Adjuvants 8.21 CONTACTS Pat Bily, I
Page 193 and 194: Adjuvants 8.23 Q: Can I use food co
Page 195 and 196: Adjuvants 8.25 Roggenbuck, F.S., Pe
Page 197 and 198: PVC Applicator Appendix 1.2 The spo
Page 199 and 200:
Spot-Burning Appendix 2.2 Ignition:
Page 201 and 202:
Spot-Burning Appendix 2.4 possible
Page 203 and 204:
Pesticide Label Appendix 3.2 Sample
Page 205 and 206:
Pesticide Label Appendix 3.4 7. Sig
Page 207 and 208:
Pesticide Regulation Appendix 4.2 A
Page 209 and 210:
State Pesticide Regulatory Agencies
Page 211 and 212:
Page 213 and 214:
Page 215 and 216:
Page 217 and 218:
Page 219:
show all

Weed Control Methods Handbook: Tools ... - Invasive.org

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?