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Spot-Burning Appendix 2.3 wildfire (and if you do not believe these torches produce a lot of heat, try melting a golf ball – it does not take long!). • Do not turn your back and backpack towards open flame (remember that you are carrying an explosive on your back...), and do not set tank down near fire or in recently burned area. Removal Method for Seedling Buckthorn (Rhamnus spp.) Once adult buckthorn have been removed from an area it is likely that large numbers of seedlings will germinate in the area during the next growing season. There also will likely be saplings that were not herbicided, and/or some resprouts from cut-stumps that missed treatment. Hand-pulling of seedlings is labor- and time-intensive and not always effective. For example, on one work day in June 1996 it took eight volunteers two hours to remove the 125,000+ seedlings from an area approximately 5m x 10m, and this area was soon revegetated with Rhamnus seedlings from the disturbed seed bank and missed seedlings. A more efficient and effective method to kill buckthorn seedlings is to burn them in the first growing season after (non-growing season) removal. Before work day: Obtain a burn permit from local fire department. Recruit burn crew. Other law enforcement and neighbor notifications occur as necessary. Equipment is checked, propane tanks filled. During work day: Weather is taken on-site before and during operation. Area to be cleared is defined and checked for fire hazards (wildfire potential, poison sumac/ivy). In fen areas a portable water pump with hose is usually positioned at a seep near work area and used to wetline if necessary, or more frequently used during mop-up. In uplands a slip-on pumper is used. Water backpacks are also used as needed. A work crew consists of some individuals operating torches (torchers) while others (spotters) monitor progress, wildfire potential, and safety hazards. The crew rotates duties frequently. In large dense seedling patches torchers position themselves in a parallel line and walk slowly while burning in an overlapping pattern; usually only one spotter is needed with this procedure. It is also easier to be non-selective and burn everything except rarities, and let area seed in naturally, or plant with native seed. In areas with scattered buckthorn seedling patches the crew works in teams of torcher and spotter (usually with water backpack.). A “heat shield” (section of metal ductwork) can be used to separate target from non-target species if needed. The maximum flame temperature occurs 6 to 12 inches from torch bell tip. It will take some practice to learn the most efficient distance to hold torch tip from target. It is also more efficient to use torch with wind direction to reduce torch blow-out or flame blowing back toward igniters. Torching seedlings until wilting occurs is usually sufficient to kill; it is not usually necessary to torch seedlings to ash (although this is more satisfying). If Weed Control Methods Handbook, The Nature Conservancy, Tu et al.
Spot-Burning Appendix 2.4 possible it is more efficient to torch seedlings and saplings at stem base rather than the entire plant. Mop-up an area completely after torching. Allow torches to cool down (or cool with water) before disconnecting from propane tanks and putting them back into PVC safety cases. Follow disconnecting, storage, and maintenance suggestions in Red Dragon Torches Operating Instructions and Parts Manual. Usually one treatment removes most seedlings/saplings, but repeat treatment in same growing season or next growing season may be necessary due to seed bank input, or some sapling re-sprouts. Seedlings usually are not capable of resprouting if torched in first growing season (before August), although I have had good success in removal when spot-burning in September. Repeat treatments are usually on an individual or small patch basis. Date Authored: April 2001 Weed Control Methods Handbook, The Nature Conservancy, Tu et al.
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Weed Control Methods Handbook: Tool
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Introduction Intro.1 INTRODUCTION I
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Introduction Intro.3 Information on
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Manual & Mechanical Techniques 1.2
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Grazing 2.1 Chapter 2 - GRAZING Gra
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Grazing 2.3 Grazing will often resu
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Grazing 2.5 from being grazed. Beca
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Prescribed Fire 3.1 Chapter 3 - PRE
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Prescribed Fire 3.3 the professiona
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Prescribed Fire 3.5 OTHER CONSIDERA
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Prescribed Fire 3.7 Scientific Name
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Prescribed Fire 3.9 Mauer, T. 1985.
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Biological Control 4.2 biocontrol p
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Biological Control 4.4 Galerucella
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Biological Control 4.6 may pose to
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Biological Control 4.8 Table 1a (co
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Biological Control 4.10 Excellent u
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Biological Control 4.12 TNC POLICIE
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Biological Control 4.14 Obtaining a
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Biological Control 4.16 establish o
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Biological Control 4.18 will likely
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Biological Control 4.20 340 In E.S.
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Biological Control 4.22 McEvoy, P.B
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Biological Control 4.24 Wymore, L.A
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Guidelines for Herbicide Use 5.2 3.
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Guidelines for Herbicide Use 5.4 HE
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Guidelines for Herbicide Use 5.6 PE
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Guidelines for Herbicide Use 5.8 He
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Guidelines for Herbicide Use 5.10 c
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Guidelines for Herbicide Use 5.12 3
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Guidelines for Herbicide Use 5.14 S
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Guidelines for Herbicide Use 5.16 C
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Guidelines for Herbicide Use 5.18 I
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Herbicide Properties 6.2 Some of th
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Herbicide Properties 6.4 Imazapyr,
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Herbicide Properties 6.6 Adjuvants
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Herbicide Properties 6.8 to soil pa
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Herbicide Properties 6.10 may provi
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Herbicide Properties 6.12 LD50s det
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Herbicide Properties Herbicide 2,4
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Degradation Mechanism Toxicity & [E
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2,4-D 7a.1 2,4-D Herbicide Basics C
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2,4-D 7a.3 also stimulate RNA, DNA,
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2,4-D 7a.5 Half-lives are short, ra
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2,4-D 7a.7 2,4-D can accumulate in
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2,4-D 7a.9 Han, S. O. and P. B. New
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Clopyralid 7b.1 M. Tu, C. Hurd, R.
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Clopyralid 7b.3 Summary: In soil an
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Clopyralid 7b.5 et al. (1997) concl
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Fluazifop-p-butyl 7c.1 FLUAZIFOP-P-
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Fluazifop-p-butyl 7c.3 The cells th
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Fluazifop-p-butyl 7c.5 Application
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Fosamine 7d.1 FOSAMINE AMMONIUM Her
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Fosamine 7d.3 Microbial Degradation
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Fosamine 7d.5 According to Barring
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Glyphosate 7e.1 M. Tu, C. Hurd, R.
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Glyphosate 7e.3 Mode of Action: Gly
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Glyphosate 7e.5 Because glyphosate
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Glyphosate 7e.7 Application Conside
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Glyphosate 7e.9 Roberts, R.O. and S
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Hexazinone 7f.1 HEXAZINONE Herbicid
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Hexazinone 7f.3 Volatilization Hexa
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Hexazinone 7f.5 Mayack et al. (1982
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Hexazinone 7f.7 If chronic exposure
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Hexazinone 7f.9 Lavy, T. L., J. D.
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Imazapic 7g.1 IMAZAPIC Herbicide Ba
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Imazapic 7g.3 application. They hav
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Imazapic 7g.5 studies do not indica
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Imazapic 7g.7 Beran, D.D., Masters,
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Imazapyr 7h.2 Herbicide Details Che
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Imazapyr 7h.4 adsorption of imazapy
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Imazapyr 7h.6 apply imazapyr direct
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