Weed Control Methods Handbook: Tools ... - Invasive.org

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Pesticide Regulation Appendix 4.1 APPENDIX 4: HOW PESTICIDES ARE REGULATED IN THE U.S. Three federal laws regulate pesticide use in the United States. Herbicides are the subgroup of pesticides that kill plants. Other types of pesticides include insecticides, fungicides, rodenticides, etc. The Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) is the primary law governing the registration, sale, and use of pesticides nationwide. The Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA), administered by the EPA and the Food and Drug Administration, establishes the maximum pesticide residue levels allowable in food and other commodities. The Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) of 1996 modified and strengthened both FIFRA and FFDCA. FIFRA requires that all pesticides (imported or domestic) sold or distributed in the U.S. be registered with the EPA. Several types of pesticide registration are available. When the EPA registers a pesticide for either general or restricted use, it is called a Federal Registration Action. Experimental Use Permits are granted to allow manufacturers and researchers to test new pesticides in the field prior to registration. Emergency Exemptions or Special Local Needs permits are granted for unregistered pesticides or for new uses of currently registered pesticides in emergency situations for which no other registered pesticide or control measure is effective. A Federal Registration Action occurs only after a thorough investigation of the pesticide’s ingredients, intended uses, toxicity, and related characteristics. The manufacturer is required to provide data sufficient to determine the pesticide’s potential to damage the environment or cause injury to humans, wildlife, fish, crops, or livestock. In addition, use of the pesticide must not result in illegal residue levels in food or feed. In some cases, the EPA will issue conditional registrations under which use of the pesticide is permitted until further testing shows whether or not the pesticide is problematic. As part of the registration process, the EPA determines what language should appear on the product label. Use of a product inconsistent with the information and instructions on its label is illegal. The FIFRA amendments of 1988 established a re-registration procedure for pesticides that were first registered prior to 1984. The purpose of the re-registration process was to ensure that older pesticides conform to modern health and safety requirements. When necessary, manufacturers must provide more information on the toxicity and other properties of the pesticide. The pesticide is eligible for re-registration once the EPA has determined that enough information has been presented to demonstrate that no unreasonable risks to human health or to the environment will be incurred when the pesticide is used properly. FQPA was passed by congress in 1996, amending both FIFRA and FFDCA, changing the way EPA regulates pesticides. FQPA required new safety standards that must be applied to all pesticides used on foods. It stated that the registration of all pesticides should take into account the possible lifetime cumulative exposure, potential synergies with other compounds, and had stricter allowable exposure rates for children. Weed Control Methods Handbook, The Nature Conservancy, Tu et al.
Pesticide Regulation Appendix 4.2 Although the EPA oversees pesticide registration, individual states now have the primary enforcement responsibility, termed “state primacy”. Each state must demonstrate that their regulatory mechanisms equal or exceed those of the EPA. States that do not properly enforce federal requirements in a timely manner can lose their enforcement authority. States may also require that pesticides be registered under their own systems, before the pesticide may be used in that state (for example, California requires this). Date Authored: April 2001 Weed Control Methods Handbook, The Nature Conservancy, Tu et al.
Page 1 and 2:
Weed Control Methods Handbook: Tool
Page 3 and 4:
Introduction Intro.1 INTRODUCTION I
Page 5 and 6:
Introduction Intro.3 Information on
Page 7 and 8:
Manual & Mechanical Techniques 1.2
Page 9 and 10:
Page 11 and 12:
Page 13 and 14:
Grazing 2.1 Chapter 2 - GRAZING Gra
Page 15 and 16:
Grazing 2.3 Grazing will often resu
Page 17 and 18:
Grazing 2.5 from being grazed. Beca
Page 19 and 20:
Prescribed Fire 3.1 Chapter 3 - PRE
Page 21 and 22:
Prescribed Fire 3.3 the professiona
Page 23 and 24:
Prescribed Fire 3.5 OTHER CONSIDERA
Page 25 and 26:
Prescribed Fire 3.7 Scientific Name
Page 27 and 28:
Prescribed Fire 3.9 Mauer, T. 1985.
Page 29 and 30:
Biological Control 4.2 biocontrol p
Page 31 and 32:
Biological Control 4.4 Galerucella
Page 33 and 34:
Biological Control 4.6 may pose to
Page 35 and 36:
Biological Control 4.8 Table 1a (co
Page 37 and 38:
Biological Control 4.10 Excellent u
Page 39 and 40:
Biological Control 4.12 TNC POLICIE
Page 41 and 42:
Biological Control 4.14 Obtaining a
Page 43 and 44:
Biological Control 4.16 establish o
Page 45 and 46:
Biological Control 4.18 will likely
Page 47 and 48:
Biological Control 4.20 340 In E.S.
Page 49 and 50:
Biological Control 4.22 McEvoy, P.B
Page 51 and 52:
Biological Control 4.24 Wymore, L.A
Page 53 and 54:
Guidelines for Herbicide Use 5.2 3.
Page 55 and 56:
Guidelines for Herbicide Use 5.4 HE
Page 57 and 58:
Guidelines for Herbicide Use 5.6 PE
Page 59 and 60:
Guidelines for Herbicide Use 5.8 He
Page 61 and 62:
Guidelines for Herbicide Use 5.10 c
Page 63 and 64:
Guidelines for Herbicide Use 5.12 3
Page 65 and 66:
Guidelines for Herbicide Use 5.14 S
Page 67 and 68:
Guidelines for Herbicide Use 5.16 C
Page 69 and 70:
Guidelines for Herbicide Use 5.18 I
Page 71 and 72:
Herbicide Properties 6.2 Some of th
Page 73 and 74:
Herbicide Properties 6.4 Imazapyr,
Page 75 and 76:
Herbicide Properties 6.6 Adjuvants
Page 77 and 78:
Herbicide Properties 6.8 to soil pa
Page 79 and 80:
Herbicide Properties 6.10 may provi
Page 81 and 82:
Herbicide Properties 6.12 LD50s det
Page 83 and 84:
Herbicide Properties Herbicide 2,4
Page 85 and 86:
Degradation Mechanism Toxicity & [E
Page 87 and 88:
2,4-D 7a.1 2,4-D Herbicide Basics C
Page 89 and 90:
2,4-D 7a.3 also stimulate RNA, DNA,
Page 91 and 92:
2,4-D 7a.5 Half-lives are short, ra
Page 93 and 94:
2,4-D 7a.7 2,4-D can accumulate in
Page 95 and 96:
2,4-D 7a.9 Han, S. O. and P. B. New
Page 97 and 98:
Clopyralid 7b.1 M. Tu, C. Hurd, R.
Page 99 and 100:
Clopyralid 7b.3 Summary: In soil an
Page 101 and 102:
Clopyralid 7b.5 et al. (1997) concl
Page 103 and 104:
Fluazifop-p-butyl 7c.1 FLUAZIFOP-P-
Page 105 and 106:
Fluazifop-p-butyl 7c.3 The cells th
Page 107 and 108:
Fluazifop-p-butyl 7c.5 Application
Page 109 and 110:
Fosamine 7d.1 FOSAMINE AMMONIUM Her
Page 111 and 112:
Fosamine 7d.3 Microbial Degradation
Page 113 and 114:
Fosamine 7d.5 According to Barring
Page 115 and 116:
Glyphosate 7e.1 M. Tu, C. Hurd, R.
Page 117 and 118:
Glyphosate 7e.3 Mode of Action: Gly
Page 119 and 120:
Glyphosate 7e.5 Because glyphosate
Page 121 and 122:
Glyphosate 7e.7 Application Conside
Page 123 and 124:
Glyphosate 7e.9 Roberts, R.O. and S
Page 125 and 126:
Hexazinone 7f.1 HEXAZINONE Herbicid
Page 127 and 128:
Hexazinone 7f.3 Volatilization Hexa
Page 129 and 130:
Hexazinone 7f.5 Mayack et al. (1982
Page 131 and 132:
Hexazinone 7f.7 If chronic exposure
Page 133 and 134:
Hexazinone 7f.9 Lavy, T. L., J. D.
Page 135 and 136:
Imazapic 7g.1 IMAZAPIC Herbicide Ba
Page 137 and 138:
Imazapic 7g.3 application. They hav
Page 139 and 140:
Imazapic 7g.5 studies do not indica
Page 141 and 142:
Imazapic 7g.7 Beran, D.D., Masters,
Page 143 and 144:
Imazapyr 7h.2 Herbicide Details Che
Page 145 and 146:
Imazapyr 7h.4 adsorption of imazapy
Page 147 and 148:
Imazapyr 7h.6 apply imazapyr direct
Page 149 and 150:
Picloram 7i.1 PICLORAM Herbicide Ba
Page 151 and 152:
Picloram 7i.3 western Minnesota. It
Page 153 and 154:
Picloram 7i.5 al. 1967; Jotcham et
Page 155 and 156: Picloram 7i.7 Safety Measures: Picl
Page 157 and 158: Picloram 7i.9 Meikle, R. W., E. A.
Page 159 and 160: Sethoxydim 7j.2 Herbicide Details C
Page 161 and 162: Sethoxydim 7j.4 Water In water, set
Page 163 and 164: Triclopyr 7k.1 M. Tu, C. Hurd, R. R
Page 165 and 166: Triclopyr 7k.3 coordination. Low co
Page 167 and 168: Triclopyr 7k.5 Water In water, the
Page 169 and 170: Triclopyr 7k.7 Application Consider
Page 171 and 172: Adjuvants 8.1 M. Tu & J.M. Randall
Page 173 and 174: Adjuvants 8.3 how certain adjuvants
Page 175 and 176: Adjuvants 8.5 How to choose an adju
Page 177 and 178: Adjuvants 8.7 REGULATION OF ADJUVAN
Page 179 and 180: Adjuvants 8.9 1999; Kirkwood 1994).
Page 181 and 182: Adjuvants 8.11 Box 6: Hydrophilic-L
Page 183 and 184: Adjuvants 8.13 Petroleum oils Petro
Page 185 and 186: Adjuvants 8.15 Foaming agents also
Page 187 and 188: Adjuvants 8.17 polyethylene glycol,
Page 189 and 190: Adjuvants 8.19 Bob Brenton and Rob
Page 191 and 192: Adjuvants 8.21 CONTACTS Pat Bily, I
Page 193 and 194: Adjuvants 8.23 Q: Can I use food co
Page 195 and 196: Adjuvants 8.25 Roggenbuck, F.S., Pe
Page 197 and 198: PVC Applicator Appendix 1.2 The spo
Page 199 and 200: Spot-Burning Appendix 2.2 Ignition:
Page 201 and 202: Spot-Burning Appendix 2.4 possible
Page 203 and 204: Pesticide Label Appendix 3.2 Sample
Page 205: Pesticide Label Appendix 3.4 7. Sig
Page 209 and 210: State Pesticide Regulatory Agencies
Page 219: State Pesticide Regulatory Agencies
show all

Weed Control Methods Handbook: Tools ... - Invasive.org

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?