Middle St. Johns - Florida Department of Environmental Protection

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226 Water Quality Assessment Report: Middle St. Johns concerns about the degraded water quality of Lake Jesup, in 1994 the Florida legislature passed the Lake Jesup Act, which directed the SJRWMD to begin diagnostic investigations on Lake Jesup and created the Friends of Lake Jesup Restoration and Basin Management Team. As a result, the Friends shifted from a grassroots citizen organization to a legislatively mandated advisory group. Membership comprises representatives from homeowners’ associations, environmental groups, local governments, and state agencies. The Friends provided guidance in formulating and evaluating strategies for management, protection, and restoration activities. The group’s legislatively mandated advisory role expired in 1998, but members have continued to meet and provide input on the Lake Jesup restoration. PROJECTS • Demonstration and implementation projects: The Lake Jesup Act provided funding for projects to solve the lake’s problems, for example, a phased lake improvement program. Phase 1 of the program consisted of diagnostic studies of the lake and its tributaries. Phase 2 included projects such as lake circulation modeling and the development of a water and nutrient budget. Phase 3 is the implementation of demonstration projects for nutrient load reduction and restoration methods consistent with the Lake Jesup Restoration and Management Plan (Marzolf, 1999). Projects include the following: − − − − The SJRWMD is working to establish nutrient goals or pollution load reduction goals for Lake Jesup by 2005. Improved stormwater quality is expected to reduce nutrient loads. Major mechanisms are stormwater parks, wetland treatment systems, and other appropriate methods. To date, the SJRWMD has completed a bathymetric study (1996) of Lake Jesup to assess the lake’s circulation patterns. The model predicts circulation patterns based on rainfall, tributary flows, wind speed and direction, evaporation, and the topography of the lake bottom. The study results will be useful in understanding the impact of environmental factors, the State Road 46 causeway, and urban drainage into the lake. The SJRWMD also has a project under way to collect sediments from the bottom of Lake Jesup. The sediments are mapped and analyzed to determine their impact on water quality. Water quality at twenty sites in the lake, its tributaries, and floodplain has been sampled monthly since 1995. Environmental scientists are conducting analyses to explain the characteristics of degraded quality, such as frequent algal blooms and fish kills in the lake. Orange and Seminole Counties have completed water quality and water quantity models for the Howell Creek, Gee Creek, and Soldier Creek watersheds.
Water Quality Assessment Report: Middle St. Johns 227 − Through ad valorem and local government sources, the SJRWMD is coordinating 1-foot contour mapping for the Howell Creek watershed. • Wetlands restoration: A project encompassing approximately 1,300 acres is currently under way. • Dredging and removal of sedimentation: A FWC project is scheduled to begin in fiscal year 2002–03. • Nutrient load reductions from Lake Nina: Lake Nina, a 12-acre lake with a surface runoff area of approximately 79 acres, is a contributing surface water in the Lake Jesup Planning Unit. The Lake Nina project will reduce the nutrients discharged into Lake Jesup. The existing Trophic State Index (TSI) for the lake indicates eutrophic conditions; the future TSI goal for the lake is mesotrophic. A 15 percent reduction in phosphorus loading is required to reach that goal. Most of the watershed contains a fourlane divided roadway that discharges all of its stormwater runoff into the lake, contributing approximately 25 pounds of phosphorus per year to the lake. Instead of excavating a single portion of the adjacent park for a wet detention system, the entire park will be regraded to serve as a treatment area during rain events. During dry weather the park will be open to the public. The project was funded as part of the 2001/2002 special legislative appropriation. • Lake Waunatta Remediation Project: Lake Waunatta is one of many Orange County lakes that has experienced extensive urbanization and altered drainage patterns in recent years. These alterations have inevitably increased stormwater flow and degraded water quality in the lake. In the mid-1990s, Lake Waunatta experienced high water levels during an unusual wet weather period. A basinwide stormwater assessment by Orange County in 1996 documented the need for stormwater flood controls and recommended further water quality studies. Pollutants of concern are dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus, which enter the lake from atmospheric deposition, untreated and partially treated stormwater runoff, and baseflow of surficial groundwater that may include contributions from treated septic tank effluent. A simplified pollutant loading model was developed for Lake Waunatta, based on yearly estimated mass loadings, to predict the pollutant loadings that could enter the lake. In addition, potential loadings from on-site sewage treatment and disposal systems (OSTDSs) were evaluated for the lake’s immediate shoreline. Together, the latter two sources could be controlled through engineered solutions. Based on the findings of the loading analysis, about 2,100 pounds of nitrogen and 290 pounds of phosphorus are generated annually from runoff in the watershed. About 60 to 80 percent of this loading reaches Lake Waunatta. Pollutants from OSTDSs in the watershed potentially account for only about 15 pounds of nitrogen and 3 pounds of phosphorus. According to model predictions, a 20 percent reduction in annual loadings may improve trophic status by about 5 percent. Improvements to Lake Waunatta include stormwater storage improvements and long-term water quality improvements. Improved maintenance in the Kmart and Unigold Shopping Plaza ponds would provide an immediate, cost-effective
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Middle St. Johns - Florida Department of Environmental Protection

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