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I. BACKGROUND AND SCOPE I.1 RATIONALE Conflicts in Africa continue to hamper the fight against poverty. Unless the root causes and underlining threats to security as well as active conflicts are adequately addressed, the economic, human and social development of Africa will be at risk. A comprehensive approach to peace and security in Africa requires a broad regional policy framework, covering different aspects of peace and security as well as clear and accountable role sharing between the national, sub-regional, continental and multilateral levels. When the African Union (AU) was established in 2002, its Member States entrusted the organisation with a broad political mandate in the area of conflict prevention, management, resolution and peace building. Consequently, a structural and long-term response to the African peace and security challenges was set up, the African Peace and Security Architecture (APSA). APSA is made up of several components and structures, in particular an AU Peace and Security Council (PSC), which is the central AU decision-making body; a Continental Early Warning System (CEWS); a 'Panel of the Wise', with a mandate in conflict prevention and resolution, and an African Standby Force (ASF) to be deployed in peace support operations. At the same time, an Africa Peace Fund, made up of AU member state and partner contributions, was established to promote Peace and Security Department work. The African regional organisations (REC/RMs) are the pillars of the overall security architecture and regional components are key elements of the Continental Early Warning System and African Standby Force. These organisations have since committed themselves to address the challenges to peace and security through African-owned and African-led initiatives such as the AU missions in Sudan/Darfur (AMIS) and Somalia (AMISOM) and the ECCAS mission in the Central African Republic (MICOPAX). The EU, mainly since 2005, has made peace and security one of the main pillars in its comprehensive Strategy for Africa 4 and it has committed to further enhance its overall support to Africa in this area. To this end, an “EU Concept for strengthening African capabilities for the prevention, management and resolution of conflicts” was put forward (in 2006) 5 . The main objectives of the Concept include support to African capacities, policies and structures in the area of mediation, early warning, post-conflict 4 EU Council Conclusions of 15-16 December 2005 5 2760th General Affairs and External Relations Council meeting, Brussels, 13 November 2006 Page 4 of 49
econstruction, relevant capacities for peace operations, and the establishment of the African Stand-by Force (ASF). Moreover, the joint Africa – EU strategy (JAES), adopted in December 2007, defined peace and security as one of the 8 areas for a special EU – Africa partnership and dialogue including as key objective a full APSA implementation. The EU has also taken key steps to strengthen financial capacity of the African institutions to foster peace and security on the continent, with the African Peace Facility (APF), established following a request by African leaders at the AU Summit in Maputo (2003) 6 as the biggest source of funding in this field. First, under the 9 th EDF, APF channelled a total of almost € 440 million, and later, under the 10 th EDF, a further 300 million were programmed for the period of 2008 – 2010. This EU commitment was renewed at the 3rd Africa EU Summit held in Tripoli in November 2010, “Peace and security remain a cornerstone of our cooperation. We are committed to making the African Peace and Security Architecture fully operational in close collaboration with the regional organisations. As regards AU lead Peace operations, it was agreed to work towards ensuring flexible, predictable and sustainable funding." The objectives of the APF are the following: 1. Enhance dialogue on challenges to peace and security, including through systematic and regular dialogue, consultations, coordination of positions, sharing of information and analysis, joint assessment missions and exchange of experience 2. Operationalisation of the African Peace and Security Architecture (APSA), including working towards the development of a fully-fledged Continental Early Warning System, the Panel of the Wise, overall strengthening of conflict prevention mechanisms and effective post-conflict reconstruction as well as operationalisation of the African Standby Force; 3. Predictable funding for Africa-led peace support operations, in particular through the establishment of an EU predictable and sustainable funding scheme, as well as through working with the international community to achieve UN mechanism to provide sustainable and predictable financial support for these operations. The APF action plan 2008-2010 7 , in accordance with the underlying principles of the JAES (ownership, partnership and solidarity), the thematic scope of the APF and the priorities of the Joint Partnership specifically allocates € 65 million for the operationalisation of APSA and Africa-EU dialogue; € 200 million for Peace Support Operations (PSOs) and € 15 million for the Early Response Mechanism (ERM). The timeframe of this action programme matches the first Joint Africa-EU Action Plan. I.2 SCOPE OF THE EVALUATION The APF evaluation is split in two parts: 1. Part I: A policy review focusing specifically on APF sources of funding and procedures 2. Part II: A substantive evaluation of the of the overall implementation of the APF and its results The present report refers to Part I of the APF evaluation, originally scheduled to take place before the second Joint Africa-EU Action Plan. 6 On the basis of the Joint Council Decision 3/2003 of 11 th December 2003. 7 Pursuant to article 12 of Council Regulation (EC) No 617/2007 of 14 May 2007 on the implementation of the 10th EDF under the ACP-EU Partnership Agreement.. Page 5 of 49
Page 1 and 2: THE EUROPEAN UNION’S EDF PROGRAMM
Page 3 and 4: Contents Executive Summary.........
Page 5 and 6: EASBRIG East African Standby Brigad
Page 7 and 8: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY EU foreign policy
Page 9: The principle of subsidiarity shoul
Page 13 and 14: ‣ Areas for further study and que
Page 15 and 16: II. GENERAL APPRAISAL OF THE APF II
Page 17 and 18: Item in the APF budget 16 Amount an
Page 19 and 20: AU, the relative limited focus on t
Page 21 and 22: European Parliament and NGOs contin
Page 23 and 24: It is argued by the military bias s
Page 25 and 26: III. MAIN FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATI
Page 27 and 28: 3) “Political appropriateness”
Page 29 and 30: ‣ EEAS, because APF finances peac
Page 31 and 32: The need to respond quickly to peac
Page 33 and 34: APF MANAGEMENT AND ACCOUNTING In 20
Page 35 and 36: Second, the main APF programmes (on
Page 37 and 38: aiming at allowing a fast and effec
Page 39 and 40: mechanism, EDF has its own decision
Page 41 and 42: The costs covered by ATHENA include
Page 43 and 44: RECs that might not qualify or for
Page 45 and 46: IV. MAIN FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIO
Page 47 and 48: At first sight, the Instrument for
Page 49 and 50: In the short term, this evaluation
Page 51 and 52: The evaluation recommends earmarks
Page 53 and 54: Lack of Synergy between RECs and th
Page 55: IV.4.4 AFRICAN P&S FUNDING POLICIES

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