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Vol. 1(2) SEP 2011 - SAVAP International

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Academic Research <strong>International</strong><br />

ISSN: 2223-9553<br />

<strong>Vol</strong>ume 1, Issue 2, September <strong>2011</strong><br />

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toileting experience for nursing home residents. Gerontologist 2005; 45:694-9.<br />

3. Sikirov D. Comparison of straining during defecation in three positions: results and<br />

implications for human health. Dig Dis Sci 2003; 48:1201-5.<br />

4. Litvinov IV, Sugathan P, Cohen BA. Recognizing and treating toilet-seat contact dermatitis in<br />

children. Pediatrics 2010; 125:e419-22.<br />

5. Vernon S, Lundblad B Hellstrom AL. Children's experiences of school toilets present a risk to<br />

their physical and psychological health. Child. Care. Health. Dev 2003; 29:47-53.<br />

6. Barker J, Bloomfield SF. Survival of Salmonella in bathrooms and toilets in domestic homes<br />

following salmonellosis. J Appl Microbiol 2000; 89:137-44.<br />

7. Farrell G. Toilet hygiene: clean round the bend. Health Soc Serv. J., 1980; 90:1265.<br />

8. Bloomfield SF, Stanwell-Smith R, Crevel RW Pickup J. Too clean, or not too clean: the<br />

hygiene hypothesis and home hygiene. Clin Exp Allergy 2006; 36:402-25.<br />

9. Rusin P, Orosz-Coughlin P, Gerba C. Reduction of faecal coliform, coliform and<br />

heterotrophic plate count bacteria in the household kitchen and bathroom by disinfection with<br />

hypochlorite cleaners. J Appl Microbiol 1998; 85:819-28.<br />

10. Rutala WA, Weber DJ. Infection control: the role of disinfection and sterilization. J Hosp<br />

Infect 1999; 43 Suppl: S43-55.<br />

11. Gerba CP, Wallis C, Melnick JL. Microbiological hazards of household toilets: droplet<br />

production and the fate of residual organisms. Appl Microbiol 1975; 30:229-37.<br />

12. Pickering LK, Woodward WE, DuPont HL, Sullivan P. Occurrence of Giardia lamblia in<br />

children in day care centers. J Pediatr 1984; 104:522-6.<br />

13. Rabiu KA, Adewunmi AA, Akinlusi FM, Akinola OI. Female reproductive tract infections:<br />

understandings and care seeking behaviour among women of reproductive age in Lagos,<br />

Nigeria. BMC Womens Health 2010; 10:8.<br />

14. Giannini MA, Nance D, McCullers JA. Are toilet seats a vector for transmission of<br />

methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Am J Infect Control 2009; 37:505-6.<br />

15. Kagan LJ, Aiello AE, Larson E. The role of the home environment in the transmission of<br />

infectious diseases. J Community Health 2002; 27:247-67.<br />

16. Boone SA, Gerba CP. The occurrence of influenza A virus on household and day care center<br />

fomites. J Infect 2005; 51:103-9.<br />

17. Barker J, Jones MV. The potential spread of infection caused by aerosol contamination of<br />

surfaces after flushing a domestic toilet. J Appl Microbiol 2005; 99:339-47.<br />

18. Morawska L. Droplet fate in indoor environments, or can we prevent the spread of infection<br />

Indoor Air 2006; 16:335-47.<br />

19. Srikanth P, Sudharsanam S, Steinberg R. Bio-aerosols in indoor environment: composition,<br />

health effects and analysis. Indian. J Med Microbiol 2008; 26:302-12.<br />

Copyright © <strong>2011</strong> <strong>SAVAP</strong> <strong>International</strong><br />

www.savap.org.pk<br />

www.journals.savap.org.pk<br />

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