Vol. 1(2) SEP 2011 - SAVAP International

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Academic Research International ISSN: 2223-9553 Volume 1, Issue 2, September 2011 Vincent, J.R. (1997). Testing for environmental Kuznets curves within a developing country. Environment and Development Economics 2: 417-431. Yandle, B. et al. (2004). Environmental Kuznets Curves: A review of findings, methods, and policy implications. Research study 02-1 update April 2004, The Property and Environment Research Centre. York, R. et al. (2003a). STIRPAT, IPAT and ImPACT: analytic tools for unpacking the driving forces of environmental impacts. Ecological Economics 46: 351- 365. York, R. et al. (2003b). Footprints on the earth: the environmental consequences of modernity. American Sociological Review 68: 279-300. Copyright © 2011 SAVAP International www.savap.org.pk www.journals.savap.org.pk 189
Academic Research International ISSN: 2223-9553 Volume 1, Issue 2, September 2011 WRITING APPREHENSION IN ENGLISH AMONG JORDANIAN POSTGRADUATE STUDENTS AT UNIVERSITI UTARA MALAYSIA (UUM) Ibrahim Fathi Huwari Universiti Utara MALAYSIA Ibrahimhuwari@yahoo.com Dr. Noor Hashima Abd Aziz Universiti Utara MALAYSIA noor934@uum.edu.my ABSTRACT This research investigated writing apprehension among Jordanian postgraduate students studying at University Utara Malaysia (UUM). Jordanian students lack the ability to write in English at schools or universities level in Jordan because they do very little writing in English. This study had three main objectives: (1) to investigate the levels of Writing Apprehension among the Jordanian postgraduate students when writing in English at UUM (2) to investigate the relationship between age and socio-economic status with writing apprehension (3) to discover the writing situation that make the Jordanian postgraduate students feel most apprehensive when writing in English (writing a thesis, writing assignments, or writing journals). This study used a survey research design. The sampling of this study consisted of one hundred and three Jordanian postgraduate students at UUM. The instrument used in this study was Writing Apprehension Test (WAT) developed by Daly and Miller (1975) to measure writing apprehension. The results of this study showed that majority of the Jordanian postgraduate students experienced high level of writing apprehension. There was a significant relationship between age, socio-economic status and writing apprehension. For the openended question, majority of the respondents said that they experienced apprehension in writing a thesis more than writing assignments, or writing journals. Keywords: Writing Apprehension, Survey Research Design, Jordanian Postgraduate Students, EFL. INTRODUCTION Writing is a demanding task especially for second or foreign language learners. It has been found that most language learners at all levels believe that writing is one of the most difficult language skills to master (MacIntyre & Gardner, 1989; Kurk & Atay, 2007; Latif, 2007) or a sophisticated skill compared with other skills (Daud et al., 2005; and Abu Shawish & Atea, 2010). The process of writing in English can be divided into three stages: pre-writing, free-writing, and re-writing (Hughey et al., 1983). However, Zamel (1983) describes the process of writing as nonlinear, exploratory, and generative whereby writers discover and generate ideas as they attempt to approximate meaning. The process of writing involves sub-processes of planning, collecting data, drafting, revising, rewriting and editing. These sub-processes of writing are dynamic, non-sequential and interactive processes not as sequential stages. Arab learners of English which include Jordanians and Egyptians encounter major problems in writing. This problem has been discussed by many researchers such as Abdul Haq (1982); Abbad (1988); Wahba (1998); Rabab'ah (2005); and Huwari and Noor Hashima (2010). In fact, Salem (2007) states that second/ foreign learners face difficulties to write effectively because of the limited number Copyright © 2011 SAVAP International www.savap.org.pk www.journals.savap.org.pk 190
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