Vol. 1(2) SEP 2011 - SAVAP International

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Academic Research International ISSN: 2223-9553 Volume 1, Issue 2, September 2011 Try out/spot testing The items selected by panel review tryout—spot testing, on small number of students. All items are divided in to small groups of items (approximately 10-20). Each group of item is tryout on five to ten students only. Tryout Data Analyses Main purpose of data analyses of tryout data is to check the quality of items according to the contents and competencies to be assessed. Piloting A pilot study is a standard scientific tool for research that allowing researcher to conduct a preliminary analysis before committing to a full-blown study. Therefore a good assessment or research strategy requires careful planning and a pilot study will often be a part of this strategy. A pilot study is normally small in comparison with the main research and therefore can provide limited but appropriate information on the sources and magnitude of variation of response measures. A pilot study may address a number of issues. As part of the research strategy the following factors can be resolved prior to the main study: • Check that the instructions given to investigators comprehensible; • Check that investigators and technicians are sufficiently skilled in the procedures; • Check the correct operation of test; • Check the reliability and validity of results • Detect a floor or ceiling effect (e.g. if a task is too difficult or too easy there will be skewed results) Advantages of prototyping • Assists to identify any problems with the efficacy of earlier design, requirements analysis and coding activities • Helps to refine the potential risks associated with the delivery of the system being developed • Early visibility of the prototype gives an idea of what the final assessment looks like • Cost effective (Development costs reduced) • Increases system development speed • Fully functional testing before any commitment to tooling(Fulcher & Davidson, 2007) • Encourages active participation of students • May attract funding • Enables a higher output for funding agencies Disadvantages of prototyping • Possibility of causing systems to be left unfinished • Possibility of implementing systems before they are ready. • Project management difficulties Copyright © 2011 SAVAP International www.savap.org.pk www.journals.savap.org.pk 306
Academic Research International ISSN: 2223-9553 Volume 1, Issue 2, September 2011 REFERENCE Fulcher, G. & Davison, F. (2007). Language Testing and Assessment an Advanced Resource Book. UK: Routledge Grenda, E. (2006). The Most Important Commercial Rapid Prototyping Technologies at a Glance. Lancaster GA, Dodd S & Williamson PR (2004) Design and analysis of pilot studies: recommendations for good practice. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice 10(2): 307-12 Peter F. de Jong (1988) An Application of the Prototype Scale Construction Strategy to the Assessment of Student Motivation Journal of Personality 56 (3), 487-508. Prototyping. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prototyping on 02-08-2007 Rose, D., & Meyer, A. (2002). Teaching Every Student in the Digital Age: Universal Design for Learning. Arlington, VA: ASCD . Ruxton GD & Colegrave N (2006) Experimental Design for the Life Sciences (2nd edition). Oxford: Oxford University Press Singley, M.K., & Bennett, R.E. (2002). Item generation and beyond: Applications of schema theory to mathematics assessment. In S. Irvine & P. Kyllonen (Eds.), Item generation for test development . Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum . Technology and Assessment: Thinking Ahead -- Proceedings from a Workshop (2002) retrieved from http://books.nap.edu/openbook.phpisbn=0309083206 Wohlers, T. (2010). Rapid Prototyping Terms and Descriptions. Retrieved from http://www.wohlersassociates.com/terms.html Wright, Paul K. (2001). 21st Century manufacturing. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall Inc. Copyright © 2011 SAVAP International www.savap.org.pk www.journals.savap.org.pk 307
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