MAP-01-010 HFI Management Guide - Human Factors Integration ...

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Chapter 1 – HFI within Naval Capability Acquisition Habitability requirements are collated at the platform level as they are determined by the design of accommodation spaces, environmental conditions and the provision of facilities to maintain the crew and provide comfortable living conditions. Environmental models are developed which take into account the full fit of equipment and the human activities to be performed, under normal and abnormal operating conditions, making use of information from related HFI Programmes. The measurement of total task workload when the operator is working with all equipments requires an integrated approach. Level of human workload, critical task performance and protection of vital operational aspects from human error are assessed across all systems and this may require a collation of information from different HFI Programmes. Standard Operating Procedures are created or modified for the vessels affected by procurement. The maintenance procedures and tasks, including ship’s husbandry, are collated and assessed across the platform to take advantage of common procedures and practices. The effectiveness of equipment will be determined in part by its operability. Operability criteria are defined for each type of equipment to determine the level of user performance that must be attainable. The characteristics of the userequipment interface play a major part in determining operability. The characteristics required for effective user-equipment interfaces are defined for related types of equipment. 1.3.4.2 Layout of Operational, Accommodation and Transit Areas, Escape Routes, and Equipment The HFI Programme will need to address the layout of operator workspaces, maintainer access points, operational and accommodation compartments, transit and escape routes, upper deck structure, embarkation and disembarkation areas, and damage control points. Effective design considers a range of interacting factors. These factors include human reach and vision envelopes, furniture and fittings, comfort, communication between team members, traffic flow, equipment movement, storage and replenishment needs and activities, evolutions and the need for simultaneous activities in the same area, e.g. equipment repair in compartments during live operations. Human traffic flow should also be assessed for Escape Analysis purposes and is mandatory for the Escape and Evacuation Naval Authority (EENA) to issue a ‘Certificate of Safety – Escape and Evacuation’. Space may be at a premium on vessels, particularly in operational compartments. Simulation-based design and computer-assisted design can help to optimise the use of available space. 1.3.4.3 Environment in Normal and Abnormal Working Conditions The physical environment within which human tasks are conducted must be designed to enhance system performance and limit human performance degradation. This requires attention in the HFI Programme to a wide range of ergonomic and environmental issues including ship motion, heat, ventilation, lighting levels, noise levels and vibration. Nov 2006 Page 1-23 Issue 4
MAP-01-010 – HFI Management Guide (STGP 10) Critical mission and task performance needs to be assessed under worst-case conditions throughout the range of possible climates, sea states, manoeuvring conditions and emergency or damage states, and forms part of the safety assessment for the platform. The effect of ship damage or equipment malfunction on the operating environment and on the feasibility of damage control also needs to be considered. Simulation-based design may be used to assist designers assess the effects of ship motion on task performance. 1.3.4.4 User-Equipment Interfaces and Human Factors Style Guides Achieving a high level of operational effectiveness using computer-based systems requires the design and development of operable user interfaces. Within a warship there are a large number of diverse user-equipment interfaces to be found, ranging from combat system equipments, logistics and administration systems to complex machinery control and communications systems. A core activity of the HFI programme should focus on the compatibility of the proposed user interface with the following specific areas: • Task demands (e.g. the display of mission-related data in a form that can lead to rapid decision making); • Human operator capabilities (e.g. the provision of weapon or steerage controls taking account of human manual tracking speed and accuracy); • Other user characteristics (e.g. the design of grips on hardware equipment that can be manipulated by the full range of likely users). Every variant of user interface will require learning of display interpretation and control procedures. Hence, decisions concerning the user-equipment interface will impose overheads in terms of training and the transferability of operating skills. The use of documents known as Human Factors Style Guides helps to reduce these overheads by providing design standards for each class of user interface. Style Guides also exist or can be adapted for specific use on each class of equipment. A Human Factors Style Guide is used to document a set of rules and conventions to be used by equipment designers and implementers. The guide will typically address text message format, text presentation factors, use of symbols, use of colour, device layout conventions, labelling issues, alarm message format, etc. Common style requirements are developed for all types of display and control found in the platform. Consistent and common design principles are applied to the user interface style of different equipments, to the passive and active alarms and warnings, during the selection of mechanical operating controls, and in the design of maintenance warning and advisory labels etc. Commercially available human-computer interface style guides have been adapted for military use to provide consistent rules for the design of windows, icons, menus and input device operations. The use of commercial-off-the-shelf equipments can, at first sight, lead to inevitable differences in user-interface characteristics. However, an explicit assessment of the impact of any userequipment style differences helps to ensure that negative effects are anticipated and either designed out or highlighted in standard operating procedures and during training. Appropriate use of the style guide should be mandated in procurement documentation. Nov 2006 Page 1-24 Issue 4
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