Terrestrial Palaeoecology and Global Change

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Chapter 5. Tectonic factors of global changes 159 Fig. 71. Alpine-Mediterranean ophiolitic nappe zones of Southern Alps, Carpathian, Penninic, Dinaric and Hellenid systems: (Ab) Abruzzi, (Ap) Apulian, (C) Calabrian, (Ch) Chalkidiki, (Io) Ionian, (JA) Julian Alps, (L) Ligurian, (Ly) Lycian, (Ot) Othris, (Mm) Maramaros, (Mu) Mures (Apuseni), (P) Platta, (Pn) Pindus, (R) Rechnitz, (SL) Sesia-Lanzo, (T) Tauern, (To) Toscanian, (U) Umbrian, (V )Vourinos. Faults: (BS) Banat-Srednegorye, (Ga) Gailtal Line, (Gb) Gibraltar, (Gu) – Guadalquivir, (E) Engadine, (In) Insubric Line, (Lu) Lubeniki, (NP) North Pyrenean, (Va) Vardar. (1) Ophiolites, (2) Faults, (3) Nappe belts. Radiometric dates for the ophiolites are systematically clustered at about 160 Ma (mid- Jurassic). Their associated melanges, recording a thrusting phase, are mostly assigned to the Late Jurassic – Early Cretaceous, which is the approximate age of the Penninic schistes lustres and similar metamorphic melanges elsewhere (Abbate et al., 1980; Dietrich, 1980; Hawkesworth et al., 1972; Karamata et al., 1980; Wiebel & Frisch, 1989). The retrogressive metamorphism is related to back thrusting in the Late Cretaceous and Eocene. The mobile belt extends to the east, over the Vedinian, Zangesur and Sevano-Akerian zones of the Lesser Caucasus (Sokolov, 1977; Aslanyan & Satyan, 1977; Fig. 72). The chronology of tectonic events is markedly different over the peri-Arabic and peri-Indian belts of eastern Tethys. The Taurian block is bordered by the Cyprus-Antakya shear zone containing the well-known Cretaceous ophiolites, Baer-Bassit in Siria and Troodos on Cyprus (Miyashiro, 1973; Juteau, 1980; Pantazias, 1980; Ozkaya, 1982). The radiometric dates for their magmatic phases fall within the mid-Cretaceous – early Late Cretaceous interval, 105-75 Ma, mostly the Late Cenomanian to Turonian. The ophiolites are emplaced upon the Campanian to lower Maastrichtian autochtonous deposits. The thrust zone of Zagros and the roughly contemporaneous nappes of Makran bordering a larger Iranian block Dasht-E-Lût (Fig. 73) are obducted over the Coniacian – Santonian deposits and are overlain by the neoautochtonous Maastrichtian reefal limestones (Berberian & King, 1981). The Samail Ophiolite of Oman might have been con-
160 Valentin A. Krassilov. Terrestrial Palaeoecology Fig. 72. Ophiolote zones in the Lesser Caucasus segment of the Tethys belt: (SA) Sevan-Akerian, (V) Vedinian, (Z) Zangezurian; (Kf) Kafanian Block. Fig. 73. Crustal blocks and ophiolite zones of the Middle East segment of the Tethys belt: (At) Antalya, (Bb) Baër Bassit, (Fh) Farâh, (H) Hilmend, (Ht) Hatay, (L) Lût, (Ly) Lycia, (Om) Oman, (Sb) Sabzevar, (T) Taurus, (Zs) Zagros. (1) Ophiolites, (2) Sutures of the crustal blocks.
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Terrestrial Palaeoecology and Global Change

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