Terrestrial Palaeoecology and Global Change

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Chapter 2. Taphonomy 33 Fig. 15. Carbonate cyclicity: hard marl – soft marl alternation in the Cenomanian of northern Crimea. The hard marl (lower member) is deposited during a humid phase of the cycle with an increased river runoff diluting surface water and inflicting anoxy down the water column, hence the preservation of plant compressions and aragonitic shells, enhanced by H 2 S. The soft marl (middle member) corresponds to a drier phase of the cycle with water circulation restored over the carbonate platform supporting a diverse bottom life (coprolites); the calcitic aptichi are preserved while the aragonitic shells are dissolved (Krassilov, 1985). The following model seems accountable for the above taphonomic features: - Carbonate silt accumulates upon the shelf platform populated by a diverse benthic community; - Oxidation of organic material, corrosive to aragonite, prevents preservation of cephalopod shells, except the calcitic aptichi; - At the next stage, an influx of terrestrial organic material indicates an increase in riverine discharge, most probably owing to a more abundant precipitation. - Delution of surface waters decreases vertical mixing; - Incorporation of terrestrial organic material in the carbonate sediment generates anoxy of the boundary layer exterminating benthic life (except inoceramids tolerant of a mild anoxy level). Pyrite precipitation makes the environment less corrosive to aragonite providing for preservation of ammonite shells; - Post-depositional redistribution of lime makes the shelly marls the harder of the cycle.
34 Valentin A. Krassilov. Terrestrial Palaeoecology c a b d e Fig. 16. Carbonate cyclicity in the Cenomanian of northern Crimea: (a-d) soft marl with coprolites, trace fossils and aptichi; (e, f) hard pyritic marl with shell fossils (ammonites, inoceramids) and plant debris (Krassilov, 1985).
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Terrestrial Palaeoecology and Global Change

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