Terrestrial Palaeoecology and Global Change

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Valentin A. Krassilov. Terrestrial Palaeoecology and Global Change
III.3. Basinal systems ............................................................................................... 61
III.3.1. Seral systems .......................................................................................... 63
III.3.2. Palaeocatena, general ............................................................................. 65
III.3.3. Plaeocatenas of regressive sequences................................................... 67
III.3.4. Facial modifications................................................................................. 72
III.3.5. Catenic systems over time and geography............................................. 73
III.3.6. Evolution over catenic systems .............................................................. 75
IV. PALAEOECOGEOGRAPHY ............................................................................... 79
IV.1. Biomes ............................................................................................................. 79
IV.2. Biome evolution ............................................................................................... 82
IV.2.1. Tropical rainforests .................................................................................. 82
IV.2.2. Temperate deciduous vegetation ............................................................ 84
IV.2.3. Conifer forests ......................................................................................... 87
IV.2.4. Xeromorphic vegetation .......................................................................... 90
IV.2.5. Grasslands ............................................................................................... 94
IV.2.6. Wetlands .................................................................................................. 95
IV.2.6. Aquatic tracheophytes .......................................................................... 103
IV.3. Biome chorology ............................................................................................ 105
IV.3.1. Permian biomes ..................................................................................... 107
IV.3.2. Mesozoic ecogeographic differentiation ............................................... 114
IV.3.3. Mid-Cretaceous biomes ........................................................................ 119
IV.3.4. Tertiary precursors of extant biomes .................................................... 120
V. TECTONIC FACTORS OF GLOBAL CHANGE .............................................. 123
V.1 Current situation in the geotectonics ............................................................... 123
V.2. Rotaion tectonics ............................................................................................. 125
V.3. Geoid ................................................................................................................ 127
V.4. Rotational stresses .......................................................................................... 128
V.5. Planetary fault system .................................................................................... 129
V.5.1. Mid-ocean rises and transcurrent share...................................................... 133
V.5.2 Cretaceous O/D faulting and magmatic activity ..................................... 135
V.6. Mobile belts ..................................................................................................... 137