May Williamson: The Non-Celtic Place-Names of the Scottish Border ...

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101 SELKIRKSHIRE ASHIESTEEL (Cad): (80, 10 D): Eschesteile, 1455 Rot Scac; Echestele, 1479 ib; Esch-, 1487 ib; Esshystill, Blaeu. Ashiesteel Hill is fairly precipitous and the name may first have applied to the side which descends sharply to the Tweed. MSc eschy is, “overgrown with ash-trees”. LAIDLAWSTIEL (Cad): (80, 10 C): Lodlastesl, Blaeu; Laidlawsteall, 1684 Mel Reg Rec. /252/ The first part of this name must have given the modern surname Laidlaw. ON hlád, “heap”, may be coupled with OE hlāw, since OE (ge)lād “watercourse” does not suit the conditions of the site. Blaeu’s Lod- must be a mistake for Lad-. Steil must mean “precipitous hillside”. Steil occurs also in Steel Burn (Cad), Steel Knowe (Sdn), Steelstrand (Kmh). It tends to become confused with ModSc stell (OE steall), “sheep shelter”, etc: cf Stell Hill (Esk), which is Steilhill, 1569. *Berriesdalehope (Oxn) is Barrestell, 1597 CBP; Berrie steillis, 1598 ib. Steelmoor Plantation (Mxt) is represented by Calfesetestele, etc, 1165-88 LSMM. This is the earliest recorded form of the term in our area: see No X. /253/ LXIX ME nese, “nose”, applied to projecting ridges, appears as -naze, and -nize, and perhaps as -knees. ROXBURGHSHIRE MERRY NAZE (Tvt): (89, 9 D): Muryneis, 1547 RMS; Mirrienyse, Blaeu. OE myrġe, ME mirrie, “pleasant”, may be the first element, but it is not an adjective which one might expect to be applied to a remote hill: cf Merrypath Rig (No XXXIV) and Merrylaw (Tvt). All three names are in the same parish, within 5 miles of each other. TANLAW NAZE (Tvt): (85, 9 D): Tandilnes, 1511 RMS. ModSc tandle, “bonfire”, from ON tandr, “fire”, is the first element. This hill is just across the valley of a burn from Merry Naze. BERWICKSHSIRE HATCHEDNIZE (Cdstr): (81, 9 B): Haehatneis, sive Halkneis, 1550 RMS; Hatchettnisse, Blaeu. A little hill here forms a point which may have resembled a hatchet or a hawk’s beak. Haehat- must represent hachat-, from ME hachet, hatchet. Halk- is for ME hauk, from OE heafoc. There are also Herd Naze (Pnp), Law Kneis (Ettr), Muckle Knees (Yar & Ettr). /254/ LXX
102 Miscellaneous endings relating to hills, rocks, etc. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i) (j) MSc bray, from ON brá, “steep bank, hillside”, ModSc, brae, is seen in Redbraes Castle (Pol): Redebrays, 1532-3 HMC (March); Redbrease, 1650 ib, “red slopes”. The soil is reddish in this area. Peelbraehope (Cav), is Peilbray, 1574 RPC: peil must refer to the ditch known as the “Catrail”. Whita Hill (Lang) is Whytowe braye, 1552 Bullock (see No XXX). Twenty other names end in -brae(s). MSc kaim, “long narrow ridge”, is from OE camb, “crest, or ridge”. Kames (Cdstr) is Camis, 1533 RMS; Kems, Blaeu. It stands on a little ridge. The Kaims (Grnl) is the local name for a ridge that may be a primitive earthwork or a natural formation. The name is usually applied to the geological formation known as a drumlin. Many hill-names include names for parts of the body. MSc schank, from OE scanca, “leg”, is used of a narrow spur and occurs in nine instances. Shoulder, denoting a subsidiary summit on a higher /255/ hill appears three times. There are four examples of MSc tae, “toe”, in the sense of “projecting ridge”. Hightae (Lmb) may contain this element, as it stands on a raised point, but the spellings point to an original ending -tah, -tag: Heghetache, 1304 CDS; Hauttesche, 1309 LSMM (French haut, represents ME heghe, “high”); Haghtache, 1360 CDS; Heytache, 1366 ib; Heghetaghe ib. OE brū, “brow”, means “projecting edge of a cliff; a slope” in place-names. It occurs in Great Brow (Esk) and Lochbrow (Jhn). There are a few examples of the use of snout, face and horn. There is a hill called The Haunches in Glc. Dod is very common, both as first element and as terminal. The earliest notice containing it is Brunemore super dod, 1165-75 LSMM, referring to a moor near Dod (Tvt). Dod usually signifies “a rounded hill”, from OE dodd. Four hills are known as The Dod. There are also Muckle Dod (Ask), Dods (Leg), Little Dod (Ckb), Sowen Dod, Wedder Dod and White Dod (Sqr). /256/ Eight ridges are known as Edge, and three place-names end in -edge, from OE eċġ. Height(s) is a frequent ending: it is always detached, eg Mossbrae Height (Krk). OE cofa, “cave, den”, is found in three hill-names in Dmf. White Cove, Black Cove and Rowantree Cove are all on Arkleton Hill, and suit the definition, “a recess with precipitous sides in the steep flank of a mountain”, which applies in the Lake District (DEPN, 110). Cove (KF), is on the banks of the Kirtle Water and may represent the Scots dialect meaning of “worn-out ledge on a river-bank” (Watson, s.v.). There is no proof that any names ended in OE hlync, “hillside, bank, rising ground”, but it is possible that *Dunling, Blaeu, near Bigholm (Lang), is OE dunhlync, “hill-slope”; and that Stantling Craig (Cad) is OE stān-hlync, with an intrusive -t- between n- and -hl: cf nl > ndl (PN NbDu, 265, para 55).
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May G. Williamson The Non-Celtic Pl
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grein had been adopted widely into
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ii /iv/ GEOGRAPHY AND DIALECT The B
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iv 9. ME from any source is frequen
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vi OE s- becomes MSc sch- [S]. OE s
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viii Ermine Street, north of Hadria
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x Plenderleith (Oxn) and Plendernet
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xii that Ida came to Deira from far
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xiv Anonymous Life of St Cuthbert w
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xvi The whereabouts of Æðelfrið
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xviii The name Ruthwell has been th
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xx Other names merely incorporate D
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xxii dialect had absorbed and still
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xxiv The battle was fought on Angli
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xxvi SCANDINAVIAN (The names are Ol
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xxviii collection compiled from 16
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xxx CSP CSP (Th) DIHS Calendar of S
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xxxii Rot Scac Rotuli Scaccarii Reg
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xxxiv Brit British B-T An Anglo-Sax
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xxxvi Dryfe Du Duns /lxxxi/ Earl Ec
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xxxviii Holder Holder, Alfred, Alt-
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xl /lxxxv/ LVD McClure Macdonald Li
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xlii ON ONb Old Norse Old Northumbr
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xliv Rbt Ritual Rth Roberton (Rxb)
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xlvi Yar YER YNR Yth YWR Yarrow (Sl
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2 Midlands and Northern Counties of
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4 MERSINGTON (Eccl): (81, 8 A): Mer
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6 Hedenham, 1165-1214 (c 1320) Kels
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8 ADDERSTONLEE (Cav): (85, 13 B): E
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10 Lareston burne, 1590 CBP. A ME p
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12 ATTON BURN (Cld): (75, 9 F): Alt
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14 DUMFRIESSHIRE ALLANTON (Dns): (8
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16 STAPLEGORDON (Lang): (85, 8 J):
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18 Borthwick Water. This terminal i
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20 JARBRUCK (Glc): (84, 5 J): Iarbu
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22 REDKIRK (Grt): (89, 6 G): Red Ki
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24 BERWICKSHIRE BELCHESTER (Eccl):
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26 DUMFRIESSHIRE MILLSTEAD (Can): (
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28 Wittusme, 1214-49 LSMM; Whytesum
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30 Hardley, 1288 Rot Scac. There is
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32 CADDONLEE (Cad): Cadanly, Blaeu.
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34 AMISFIELD (Tnw): (88, 11 B): Amy
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36 attempt to replace an unknown el
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38 HAWTHORN (Cad): Hayrtherne, 1455
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40 LSMM; -chalech, 1143-4 ESC, near
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42 seems to represent the correct f
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44 Lynden, 1153-45 (1400) Soltre; L
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46 doubtful. It might be OE wod,
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48 Þe Bleise, 1384 (15 th -16 th )
Page 99 and 100: 50 GRAHAM’S LAW (Eckf): (81, 6 F)
Page 101 and 102: 52 GREENLAW (Grn): (75, 6M): Grenla
Page 103 and 104: 54 Law (Watson, Jed, 46). There are
Page 105 and 106: 56 personal name Rimhild (Onom) may
Page 107 and 108: 58 SELKIRKSHIRE FASTHEUGH (Slk): Fa
Page 109 and 110: 60 BEMERSYDE (Mert): (81, 2 D): Bem
Page 111 and 112: 62 GRINDSTONE LAW (Oxn): (86, 8 C):
Page 113 and 114: 64 REDPATH (Earl): (81, 2 C): Red(e
Page 115 and 116: 66 BERWICKSHIRE LAMMERMUIR: Lomborm
Page 117 and 118: 68 COLDSTREAM (Cdstr): (81, 10 B):
Page 119 and 120: 70 SELKIRKSHIRE HOWFORD (Krk): So s
Page 121 and 122: 72 NEWBIGGING BIRKS and NEWBIGGING
Page 123 and 124: 74 Cragschellis, 1463-4 RMS. Gael c
Page 125 and 126: 76 (f) (g) (h) (i) (j) (k) (l) (m)
Page 127 and 128: 78 (w) be in Pbl: Cawerhyll, 1422 H
Page 129 and 130: 80 Tomplanmill, Blaeu. This name ne
Page 131 and 132: 82 Coteflatte, 13 th Century (1434)
Page 133 and 134: 84 (n) (o) (p) (q) (r) (s) MSc, Zet
Page 135 and 136: 86 Boonshaw, 1544 Ham Pap; Bonescha
Page 137 and 138: 88 The earliest use of the term (re
Page 139 and 140: 90 WOLFEHOPELEE (Sdn): Wolhople, 14
Page 141 and 142: 92 especially in the parishes of Et
Page 143 and 144: 94 LSMM. They exhibit the early ME
Page 145 and 146: 96 CROFTHEAD (Mof): Crofthead, 1581
Page 147 and 148: 98 ROXBURGHSHIRE BENRIG (St B): Bee
Page 149: 100 DUMFRIESSHIRE ARCHBANK (Mof): (
Page 153 and 154: 104 forms of west-strother and wolf
Page 155 and 156: 106 OTTERBURN (Mrb): Otterburne, 15
Page 157 and 158: 108 second spelling shows confusion
Page 159 and 160: 110 Hordwell, Blaeu. The first elem
Page 161 and 162: 112 and Durham contain only a sprin
Page 163 and 164: 114 WARMANBIE (Ann): (89, 3 F): Wer
Page 165 and 166: 116 The þveit- names in Dumfriessh
Page 167 and 168: 118 Butterdalls, Blaeu. Probably ON
Page 169 and 170: 120 EFFGILL (Wstk): (85, 6 H): Eggi
Page 171 and 172: 122 LANGHOLM (Lang): (89, 8 A): Lan
Page 173 and 174: 124 Beck does not appear in Bwk, Sl
Page 175 and 176: 126 Solway: the first element is pe
Page 177 and 178: 128 Similar in form is the “lost
Page 179 and 180: Black Grain Rig 308 Brotherstone 15
Page 181 and 182: Dod Rig 244 Ewesdale 298 Dod, The 2
Page 183 and 184: Hermitage 189 Hutton (Bwk) 17, 28 H
Page 185 and 186: Minto 137, xxvi Nisbet (Bwk) 205 Mi
Page 187 and 188: Sharplaw 122 Steel, The 251 Shearin
Page 189: Woodside 142, 144 Wooplaw 127 Worme
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