May Williamson: The Non-Celtic Place-Names of the Scottish Border ...

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23 CHISHOLME (Rbt): (85, 10 B): Chesehelm(e), 1296 Inst Pub; 1296 CDS; Chesolm, ib; Cheiselm, ib (Seal); Chesholm(e) (P), c 1300 Cold; 1335-6 RS; -helme (P), c 1300 (1434) Cdstr; 1335-6 Rot Scac. ONb ċēse-helm, “barn or shed where cheese was made”. “Lost” Gorkhelm, c 1485 Wallace, has been identified by Craig-Brown as Gorkhum, the traditional name for the top of Galahill near Galashiels (Wallace, 429). This may be ON gauk(r)-hialm. Staney Hill (Tvt) is Stonyhelme, Blaeu. /57/ XIII OE ċeaster ONb ċæster is borrowed from Lat castra, and in England is usually applied to Roman sites. This is not the case in the Scottish Border counties where it appears seventeen times, but does not once denote a Roman site. As a rule it occurs in the names of farms and hamlets near pre- English earthworks. In Northumberland six out of eleven names in -chester or -cester apply to Roman stations but five denote British forts. The earliest spellings for names in -chester in this area do not occur until the 12 th or 13 th centuries by which time the form of the element was stabilised as -chester. As in Northumberland and Durham the initial ċ- remained palatal, but did not cause mutation in the following vowel. Bernicia, being outwith the most strongly Scandinavianised area of England, was not affected by the Scandinavian substitution of a back consonant for a palatal in this word. In Yorkshire, Lincoln and South-east of Ermine Street to Caistor, Nf, and in Cumberland and Westmorland, the modern form is -caster. ROXBURGHSHIRE BONCHESTER (Hbk): (86, 2 B): Bunchester, 1588 L Ch; Bonnechesterr, Blaeu. /58/ The first element may be the same as appears in Bonjedward (No VI). OE bune, “dogweed”, may also be considered: cf Bumpstead (PN ESS, 508) and Bonwick (PN YER, 80). Bonchester Hill bears a large pre-English earthwork. CHESTERS (Anc): (81, 3 H): Chesterr, Blaeu. There are several “forts” within a mile. HIGHCHESTERS (Rbt): (85, 11 A): Haychester, Blaeu. The hill has a “fort” upon it. The first element is probably ME heiZh “high”. ROWCHESTER (Bow): (80, 14 E): Rughechestre, 1165-1214 NMS; 1325 RMS; Ruhcestr’ (P) c 1228 (c 1320) Kelso. “Rough castle”, so named probably from the type of ground at the “fort”. Compare Rowchester (Grn). WHITCHESTERS (Hwk): (85, 11 B): Quhitchestire, 1511 RMS. “White camp”: there is a “fort” on the hill above.
24 BERWICKSHIRE BELCHESTER (Eccl): (81, 8 A): Belchester, c 1269 HMC (Home); 1533 RMS. The first element is perhaps OE belle, “bell”, in the transferred sense of “bell-shaped hill”. Compare, however, Bellister, Nb (PN NbDu, 17) and /59/ (Studies 2 , 160). BLACKCHESTER (Laud): (74, 12 L): Blakchester, 1502 HMC (Wed). “Black fort”. CHESTERS (Fogo): (75, 7 M): Chesteris, 1516-17 RMS. Chesters lies between two “forts” half a mile apart. DARNCHESTER (Cdstr): (81, 9 A): Derchester, 1250, (1434) Cdstr; -chestre, 1296 Inst Pub; -cestria, 13 th (1434) Cdstr; -cestyr, c 1300 ib. OE dor, “wild animal”, is the first element. HEAD CHESTER (Ckb): (75, 9 E): Hoechesters, Blaeu. Perhaps OE hōh-ċæster, “fort on a hill-spur”. ROWCHESTER HOUSE (Grn): (81, 6 A): Rutchester, 1529 RMS; Row- 1615 HMC (Wed). The first element may be OE rūh, “rough”, as in Rowchester (Bow). The medial -t- perhaps represents an attempt to reproduce (as -tch-) the sound [tS]. WHITCHESTER (Lgf): (75, 6 H): Witechestre, Witchestyr, Witcestyr, c 1300 (1434) Cdstr. “White fort”: cf Whitchesters (Hwk). /60/ “Lost names are:- Blackchester, Blaeu, near Souden Kirk. Subchesters, 1165-1214 LSMM, in Mow. Sub- may be a scribal mistake for OE sūð, “south”. Abchester, 1596 L Ch; 1663 RMS. The first element is the OE feminine personal name Æbba. This is another name for Bastleridge (Ayt). Dilchestre, 1095 ESC; Dilster(halle), ib; Dylster-, 1095-1100 ib. OE dīgol, “secret, sequestered”, may be represented by Dil-, but OE dile, “dill, vetch” is possible: cf *Dilwick, Beds (PN Beds Hu, 45) and Dilworth (PN La, 145). There are also Blackchester (Bow) and Chesters (Sdn). /61/ XIV OE Cot, “cottage, house, dwelling”. This ending is commonest in the English Midlands where it is generally found in the plural. The earliest forms in our area are plural, but the modern forms are almost all singular. Cot in the Scottish Border country does not appear to belong to the earliest strata of habitation names as in England. Most of the formations here may belong to the ME period.
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May G. Williamson The Non-Celtic Pl
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grein had been adopted widely into
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ii /iv/ GEOGRAPHY AND DIALECT The B
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iv 9. ME from any source is frequen
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vi OE s- becomes MSc sch- [S]. OE s
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viii Ermine Street, north of Hadria
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x Plenderleith (Oxn) and Plendernet
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xii that Ida came to Deira from far
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xiv Anonymous Life of St Cuthbert w
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xvi The whereabouts of Æðelfrið
Page 21 and 22: xviii The name Ruthwell has been th
Page 23 and 24: xx Other names merely incorporate D
Page 25 and 26: xxii dialect had absorbed and still
Page 27 and 28: xxiv The battle was fought on Angli
Page 29 and 30: xxvi SCANDINAVIAN (The names are Ol
Page 31 and 32: xxviii collection compiled from 16
Page 33 and 34: xxx CSP CSP (Th) DIHS Calendar of S
Page 35 and 36: xxxii Rot Scac Rotuli Scaccarii Reg
Page 37 and 38: xxxiv Brit British B-T An Anglo-Sax
Page 39 and 40: xxxvi Dryfe Du Duns /lxxxi/ Earl Ec
Page 41 and 42: xxxviii Holder Holder, Alfred, Alt-
Page 43 and 44: xl /lxxxv/ LVD McClure Macdonald Li
Page 45 and 46: xlii ON ONb Old Norse Old Northumbr
Page 47 and 48: xliv Rbt Ritual Rth Roberton (Rxb)
Page 49 and 50: xlvi Yar YER YNR Yth YWR Yarrow (Sl
Page 51 and 52: 2 Midlands and Northern Counties of
Page 53 and 54: 4 MERSINGTON (Eccl): (81, 8 A): Mer
Page 55 and 56: 6 Hedenham, 1165-1214 (c 1320) Kels
Page 57 and 58: 8 ADDERSTONLEE (Cav): (85, 13 B): E
Page 59 and 60: 10 Lareston burne, 1590 CBP. A ME p
Page 61 and 62: 12 ATTON BURN (Cld): (75, 9 F): Alt
Page 63 and 64: 14 DUMFRIESSHIRE ALLANTON (Dns): (8
Page 65 and 66: 16 STAPLEGORDON (Lang): (85, 8 J):
Page 67 and 68: 18 Borthwick Water. This terminal i
Page 69 and 70: 20 JARBRUCK (Glc): (84, 5 J): Iarbu
Page 71: 22 REDKIRK (Grt): (89, 6 G): Red Ki
Page 75 and 76: 26 DUMFRIESSHIRE MILLSTEAD (Can): (
Page 77 and 78: 28 Wittusme, 1214-49 LSMM; Whytesum
Page 79 and 80: 30 Hardley, 1288 Rot Scac. There is
Page 81 and 82: 32 CADDONLEE (Cad): Cadanly, Blaeu.
Page 83 and 84: 34 AMISFIELD (Tnw): (88, 11 B): Amy
Page 85 and 86: 36 attempt to replace an unknown el
Page 87 and 88: 38 HAWTHORN (Cad): Hayrtherne, 1455
Page 89 and 90: 40 LSMM; -chalech, 1143-4 ESC, near
Page 91 and 92: 42 seems to represent the correct f
Page 93 and 94: 44 Lynden, 1153-45 (1400) Soltre; L
Page 95 and 96: 46 doubtful. It might be OE wod,
Page 97 and 98: 48 Þe Bleise, 1384 (15 th -16 th )
Page 99 and 100: 50 GRAHAM’S LAW (Eckf): (81, 6 F)
Page 101 and 102: 52 GREENLAW (Grn): (75, 6M): Grenla
Page 103 and 104: 54 Law (Watson, Jed, 46). There are
Page 105 and 106: 56 personal name Rimhild (Onom) may
Page 107 and 108: 58 SELKIRKSHIRE FASTHEUGH (Slk): Fa
Page 109 and 110: 60 BEMERSYDE (Mert): (81, 2 D): Bem
Page 111 and 112: 62 GRINDSTONE LAW (Oxn): (86, 8 C):
Page 113 and 114: 64 REDPATH (Earl): (81, 2 C): Red(e
Page 115 and 116: 66 BERWICKSHIRE LAMMERMUIR: Lomborm
Page 117 and 118: 68 COLDSTREAM (Cdstr): (81, 10 B):
Page 119 and 120: 70 SELKIRKSHIRE HOWFORD (Krk): So s
Page 121 and 122: 72 NEWBIGGING BIRKS and NEWBIGGING
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74 Cragschellis, 1463-4 RMS. Gael c
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76 (f) (g) (h) (i) (j) (k) (l) (m)
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78 (w) be in Pbl: Cawerhyll, 1422 H
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80 Tomplanmill, Blaeu. This name ne
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82 Coteflatte, 13 th Century (1434)
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84 (n) (o) (p) (q) (r) (s) MSc, Zet
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86 Boonshaw, 1544 Ham Pap; Bonescha
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88 The earliest use of the term (re
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90 WOLFEHOPELEE (Sdn): Wolhople, 14
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92 especially in the parishes of Et
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94 LSMM. They exhibit the early ME
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96 CROFTHEAD (Mof): Crofthead, 1581
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98 ROXBURGHSHIRE BENRIG (St B): Bee
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100 DUMFRIESSHIRE ARCHBANK (Mof): (
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102 Miscellaneous endings relating
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104 forms of west-strother and wolf
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106 OTTERBURN (Mrb): Otterburne, 15
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108 second spelling shows confusion
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110 Hordwell, Blaeu. The first elem
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112 and Durham contain only a sprin
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114 WARMANBIE (Ann): (89, 3 F): Wer
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116 The þveit- names in Dumfriessh
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118 Butterdalls, Blaeu. Probably ON
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120 EFFGILL (Wstk): (85, 6 H): Eggi
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122 LANGHOLM (Lang): (89, 8 A): Lan
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124 Beck does not appear in Bwk, Sl
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126 Solway: the first element is pe
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128 Similar in form is the “lost
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Black Grain Rig 308 Brotherstone 15
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Dod Rig 244 Ewesdale 298 Dod, The 2
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Hermitage 189 Hutton (Bwk) 17, 28 H
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Minto 137, xxvi Nisbet (Bwk) 205 Mi
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Sharplaw 122 Steel, The 251 Shearin
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Woodside 142, 144 Wooplaw 127 Worme
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May Williamson: The Non-Celtic Place-Names of the Scottish Border ...

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