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Types of investment • Greenfield: establishment of a wholly new operation in a foreign country • Merger or acquisition of an existing firm in a foreign country • Sales offices • Representative offices • Non-equity investment Types of FDI • Horizontal: • Within same industry/sector across different countries: • Wal-Mart (Supermarkets), Deutsche Post (Logistics), GM (Automotive). • Maximizes market access and share. • Vertical: • Within same value chain: • Dell (Design: US; Production: China; Distribution: Global hubs; Support: India, etc.) • Maximizes efficiency along one value chain. Investment Map Overview Project Title City, date
Measuring FDI FDI flows • It is the total amount of FDI undertaken over a given period of time, and it comprises: • Equity capital: purchase of shares of an enterprise in a foreign country (10% participation threshold) • Reinvested earnings: part of an affiliate’s earnings accruing to the foreign investor that is reinvested in that enterprise • Intra-company loans: short- and long- term borrowing and lending Measuring FDI FDI stocks • It is the total accumulated value of foreign-owned assets at a given time, and it comprises: • The value of the share of their capital and reserves belonging to foreign companies • The net indebtedness with the parent companies Investment Map Overview Project Title City, date
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Market Analysis Tools and Services
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INTERNATIONAL TRADE CENTRE Trade Ma
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Introduction ITC's Market Analysis
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MAR activities I. Market Analysis T
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...and it's more dynamic than the e
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Global trade patterns are changing.
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…partly due to commodities prices
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1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987
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Business environment affects trade
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Free to users from developing count
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INTERNATIONAL TRADE CENTRE See belo
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Trade Map • Online application to
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Data classification • National Ta
Page 28 and 29: Free to users from developing count
Page 30 and 31: Advanced search "Search by Hierarch
Page 32 and 33: World demand for pineapples Always
Page 34 and 35: World demand for pineapples Share o
Page 36 and 37: Assess performance in market Compet
Page 38 and 39: Assess performance in market - NTL
Page 40 and 41: Graphic analysis Graphic analysis
Page 42 and 43: Graphic analysis Who are alternativ
Page 44 and 45: Analyse potential for bilateral tra
Page 46 and 47: Analyse potential for bilateral tra
Page 48 and 49: Boston Consulting model or matrix B
Page 50 and 51: Prospects for market diversificatio
Page 52 and 53: Market Access Map Making market acc
Page 54 and 55: Market Access Map Information on ta
Page 56 and 57: Ad valorem tariffs E.g. Australian
Page 58 and 59: Compound tariffs E.g. USA tariff on
Page 60 and 61: Tariff quotas • A two tiered tari
Page 62 and 63: 1958 1960 1962 1964 1966 1968 1970
Page 64 and 65: Implications • Almost every count
Page 66 and 67: Quick search: chose your product Fi
Page 68 and 69: Glossary Search alphabetically Quic
Page 70 and 71: Example of a certificate of origin
Page 72 and 73: Compare tariffs: Market Access Map
Page 74 and 75: INTERNATIONAL TRADE CENTRE Page 2 T
Page 76 and 77: What is Investment Map • Launched
Page 80 and 81: Measuring FDI • Stocks and flows
Page 82 and 83: Data limitations - foreign affiliat
Page 84 and 85: Standards Map Comparative analysis
Page 86 and 87: Key characteristics Where does the
Page 88 and 89: Classification of Standards Various
Page 90 and 91: 13 Analysis and Comparison of Stand
Page 92 and 93: Free Access to users from developin
Page 94 and 95: Practical exercice ANALYZE WORLD TR
Page 96 and 97: Practical exercice Note: compare th
Page 98 and 99: Practical exercice 33. Which countr
Page 100 and 101: Practical exercice B. COUNTRY ANALY
Page 102 and 103: Practical exercice 48. Export mappi
Page 104 and 105: Practical exercice 55. Which is the
Page 106 and 107: Practical Exercise on MARKET ACCES
Page 108 and 109: Practical exercice MODULE COMPARE T
Page 110 and 111: Practical Exercise on INVESTMENT MA
Page 112 and 113: Practical exercice Industry Export
Page 114: Practical exercice Note: You can vi
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