SIBER SPIS sept 2011.pdf - IMBER

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SIBER Science Plan and Implementation Strategy sensor set would only store data internally. Buoy modification and hardware for attaching sensors is estimated to be $10,000 USD. This gives a total instrumentation and hardware cost of $138,000 USD per system. Two systems will be required per mooring to maintain continuous measurements (one deployed while the replacement system is prepared on shore). Therefore, the total cost is $276,000 USD per mooring. Given the current uncertainties in ship availability and maintenance schedules it would be prudent to deploy sensor pairs in a stepwise fashion as recommended above, with the deployment of the first pair providing a feasibility test. Once it has been established that these biogeochemical sensors can be deployed, serviced and recovered and that high quality data can be retrieved, additional sensors can be deployed. Ta b l e 1 Total per system (note two systems per mooring): $138,000 Sensor Depth Parameters Cost (USD) MAPCO 2 Surface Air-sea CO 2 flux $40,000 Optics + SBE 16 CTD Surface Fluorescence, backscatter, O 2 , T, S $20,000 SAMI pH Surface pH $20000 Optics Subsurface Fluorescence, backscatter $8,000 SAMI CO 2 Subsurface CO 2 $40,000 Mooring modification and hardware $10,000 A simple timeline for deployment would be one sensor pair every 18 months over the next 4.5 years, beginning with the first deployment in 2012. In the context of SIBER, which is a 10-year program, the goal would be to maintain deployment of these sensors for 10 years. The annual maintenance and hardware replacement costs are estimated to be $125,000 USD per year after the initial deployments. It should be emphasized, however, that much will be determined by logistics and other practicalities, such as which countries will support the measurements. It is doubtful that a single country will undertake all the deployments. For example, southern African countries might ascribe a higher priority to the western sites than the BoB, simply because they have more of a scientific interest in that region and it is where their ships travel. It should also be emphasized that a basin scale perspective is needed, and all the key regions should be measured. Therefore, the overarching goal is full implementation of biogeochemical sensors on the RAMA Flux Reference moorings, recognizing that the pace and sequencing of deployments will be determined by a range of factors such as availability of funding, ship time, national interests, etc., and that above all, there must be close international cooperation to ensure that instruments are deployed and the array maintained in the most efficient manner. Dat a po l i c y Data collected as part of this effort, once calibrated and quality controlled, will be freely available on the internet. 94
SIBER Science Plan and Implementation Strategy Pro p o s e d pr i n c i p a l in v e s t i g a t o r s Raleigh Hood (University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, USA) Michael McPhaden (NOAA, Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, USA) Gary Meyers (University of Tasmania, Australia) Jerry Wiggert (University of Southern Mississippi, USA) Pete Strutton (University of Tasmania, Australia) Chris Sabine (NOAA, Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, USA) Prasanna Kumar (National Institute of Oceanography, India) Sum m a r y an d ke y qu e s t i o ns th a t ne e d to be ad d r e s s e d Deploying a suite of biogeochemical sensors on the RAMA moorings in the IO is an exciting prospect. Indeed, it could revolutionize our understanding of biogeochemical variability in this under-sampled basin. Moreover, the ongoing deployment of IndOOS and the RAMA mooring array presents a unique opportunity to combine physical and biological sensor deployment through the collaborative efforts of IndOOS, RAMA, IOGOOS and SIBER. Having CO 2 sensors co-located with pH, fluorescence/backscatter and oxygen sensors deployed at two depths on a given mooring string and targeting the sites that will be instrumented as air-sea flux observatories would provide a powerful set of combined physical and biogeochemical observations that can help improve our understanding of the relationship between physical forcing and carbon/biogeochemical cycle response. Successfully deploying and retrieving useable data sets from these sensors would also be a major accomplishment. App e n d i x IV c o n t r i b u t i n g au t h o r s Raleigh Hood (University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, USA) Michael McPhaden (NOAA, Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, USA) Jerry Wiggert (University of southern Mississippi, USA) Pete Strutton (University of Tasmania, Australia) Chris Sabine (NOAA, Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, USA) Prasanna Kumar (National Institute of Oceanography, India) 95
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