Highway Slope Manual

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73 road should be recorded together with its location. Particular note should be taken of any quantity of debris larger than that usually found at a particular location, accumulation of debris repeatedly found at the same location and any other abnormal observations (e.g. heavy seepage in the dry season). These observations must be reported promptly to the owner or party responsible for maintaining the slope. Where signs of distress (such as tension cracks, landslide scarps/scars, ground subsidence, bulging or distortion of any masonry wall supporting the road or settlement of the slope crest platform) are observed, advice should be sought from a geotechnical engineer on any necessary actions. In maintaining a hard slope surface cover, sprayed concrete should not be applied over a defective cover. Also, the slope should be given a vegetation cover wherever possible (see Section 6.4). The cost-effectiveness of the slope maintenance strategy and actions should be reviewed from time to time with due account taken of the slope upgrading and preventive maintenance initiatives (see Section 8.3). 8.3 SLOPE UPGRADING AND PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE Where there is a large number of substandard slopes, the highway slope owner should develop a scheme for prioritising and selecting slopes for upgrading such that the landslide risk can be reduced cost-effectively and efficiently (see Figure 1.1). The scheme should be based on the relative risk of the slopes. Reference may be made to the New Priority Classification Systems (NPCS) for slopes and retaining walls developed by GEO (Wong, 1998) in devising a suitable scheme. Where appropriate, quantitative risk assessment techniques may be used to provide information for relative ranking of road sections for improvement taking into account landslide risk and traffic needs (ERM-HK Ltd, 1999). Sometimes, it can be economical and also less disruptive to the local residents to package a number of slopes in an area and upgrade them simultaneously. The package may include some slopes which are of lower priority for upgrading in terms of landslide risk level, in order to avoid coming back to the same area to carry out the upgrading works later. The opportunity should also be taken to upgrade the road drainage system at the same time (see Section 5.2.3). The approach of packaging slopes should take into account the possible disruption to the traffic and safety to road users during construction. This is particularly important when the engineering works are to be carried out for a number of slopes at the same time along the same road section. Close liaison with relevant Government Departments (e.g. Police and Transport Department) should be maintained in planning and during the construction works. In selecting slopes for upgrading, particular care should be taken to avoid omitting those slopes which have only been partly upgraded in the past. Some slopes deserve priority for upgrading, e.g. where repeated failures have occurred, or where there are recurrent maintenance problems at the slope. <strong>Slope</strong>s for which the stability has been assessed by previous studies, but the status as to whether the assumptions made in these studies are still valid and current safety standards are met is not clear should also be given appropriate attention.
74 In addition to the slope upgrading programme, the highway slope owner should develop a slope preventive maintenance programme integrated with it and taking into account the findings from routine maintenance inspections and Engineer Inspections for Maintenance. Information obtained from the maintenance inspections, e.g. changes in slope or road usage condition, should be reviewed to reassess the priority of the slope for upgrading or preventive maintenance under the integrated programme. Warning signs should be erected at those roadside slopes that have been confirmed by stability assessments to be substandard and included in a slope upgrading or preventive maintenance programme (see Figure E2 in Appendix E).
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HIGHWAY SLOPE MANUAL GEOTECHNICAL E
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2 。 The Government of the Hong Ko
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4 STEERING COMMITTEE: Geotechnical
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6 Page No. 3. SITE INVESTIGATION 33
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8 Page No. APPENDICES APPENDIX A -
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10 LIST OF FIGURES Figure No. Page
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12 LIST OF LATES Plate No. Page No.
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14 [BLANK PAGE]
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16 year (Evans et al, 1998), they h
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18 Plate 1.4 Landslide at Ching Che
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20 Plate 1.8 Steep Natural Terrain
Page 23 and 24: 22 [BLANK PAGE]
Page 25 and 26: 24 Notes: (1) The projects in the P
Page 27 and 28: 26 of the geotechnical hazards and
Page 29 and 30: 28 Table 2.2 Geotechnical Haards Th
Page 31 and 32: 30 for carrying out a GA is given i
Page 35 and 36: 34 Table 3.1 Potential Uses of Diff
Page 37 and 38: 36 or features such as dykes or fra
Page 39 and 40: 38 movement monitoring and control
Page 41 and 42: 40 landslide debris, and the nature
Page 43 and 44: 42 Notes: (1) This Figure is based
Page 45 and 46: 44 Table 4.5 Recommended Minimum Fa
Page 49 and 50: 48 Plate 5.1 Surface Runoff Channel
Page 51 and 52: 50 Cascades, with cover where neces
Page 53 and 54: 52 (a) Trash Grill at Inlet of Cros
Page 55 and 56: 54 5.2.3 Drainage Improvement Works
Page 57 and 58: 56 For the control of visual impact
Page 59 and 60: 58 Plate 6.3 Pattern and Texture Pl
Page 61 and 62: 60 ighways are environments with a
Page 63 and 64: 62 Filling operations for a highway
Page 65 and 66: 64 Blasting is the most common meth
Page 67 and 68: 66 Notes: (1) The responsibility fo
Page 69 and 70: 68 Results of Rockfall Protective B
Page 73: 72 overseeing the maintenance of th
Page 77 and 78: 76 after each heavy rainstorm event
Page 79 and 80: 78 d n n d d d d d d d
Page 81 and 82: 80 event of a landslide should be b
Page 85 and 86: 84 Federal Highway Administration (
Page 87 and 88: 86 Highways Department (1996). Mana
Page 89 and 90: 88 Wong, H.N., Pang, L.S., Wong, A.
Page 95 and 96: 94 key natural terrain and man-made
Page 97 and 98: 96 and details of all existing slop
Page 101 and 102: -AA (v) relevant services and utili
Page 103 and 104: -A2 (m) (n) 1dentify any statutory
Page 105 and 106: -A4 Notes: (-) An example of a prog
Page 109 and 110: 108 Wong, C.K.L. (1998). The New Pr
Page 111 and 112: 110 of slopes and slope owners and
Page 115: 114 (iv)subsidence of ground or roa
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