Exhibit 8, 100416 Brazil FMD Risk Evaluation - R-Calf

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Catarina. The report includes an in-depth evaluation of the 11 factors identified by APHIS in 9 CFR section 92.2 to consider in assessing risk levels of free regions. Those factors are: 1. The authority, organization, and infrastructure of the veterinary services organization in the region. 2. Disease status. 3. The status of adjacent regions with respect to the agent. 4. The extent of an active disease control program, if any, if the agent is known to exist in the region. 5. The vaccination status of the region. 6. The degree to which the region is separated from adjacent regions of higher risk through physical or other barriers. 7. The extent to which movement of animals and animal products is controlled from regions of higher risk, and the level of biosecurity regarding such movements. 8. Livestock demographics and marketing practices in the region. 9. The type and extent of disease surveillance in the region. 10. Diagnostic laboratory capacity. 11. Policies and infrastructure for animal disease control in the region, i.e., emergency response capacity. Risk factors are identified from the information gathered on these topics, and applicable mitigations to address those risk factors are discussed. Evaluation of Information Provided by MAPA and CIDASC Relevant to the 11 Factors Outlined in 9 CFR 92.2 Assessing the likelihood of introducing FMD, CSF, SVD, and ASF into the United States requires an evaluation of the relevant characteristics of the exporting regions relative to the epidemiology of the diseases. The 11 factors in APHIS’ regionalization rule, described above, provide a context for evaluating the risk of exporting a foreign animal disease from a defined region into the United States. This section of the risk analysis describes APHIS’ evaluation of these factors for Santa Catarina. Main Findings: 1. Authority, organization and infrastructure of the veterinary services The authority, organization, and infrastructure of the veterinary services must be clearly documented to provide confidence in the ability of the country to monitor for disease, oversee veterinary activities, and implement disease controls in the region (i.e., control risk). This section is designed to provide a comprehensive view of the human, financial, physical, and regulatory resources available within MAPA and CIDASC. The section describes the legal authority for animal health activities in the region, the organizational structure and function of the veterinary services, and the personnel and financial resources available. Legal Authority APHIS Evaluation of the Status of the Brazilian State of Santa Catarina 12
Legal authority for animal disease control in Brazil primarily consists of general legal directives and regulations issued by the Federal government with the States issuing supplementary legal acts. The primary animal health services law in Brazil is contained in Decree No. 24.548, enacted in 1934 [3, 4]. There are several overlapping laws administered at both the Federal and State levels in Santa Catarina which establish, among other things, controls on animal and product imports, disease control, farm security, surveillance, risk classification, movement control, animal identification, and funding [4]. The main law that defines the veterinary medicine profession in Brazil is Law No. 5517. This law established the Federal and regional veterinary medicine councils that govern activities and professional aspects of veterinary medicine. Currently, there are over 40,000 veterinarians in Brazil with the majority being in the southeast (47 percent) and south (23 percent) parts of the country. Official services veterinarians are required to participate in specific training programs for different sanitary programs. More than 500 veterinarians have been trained specifically in exotic animal diseases, including FMD [5]. Organization of the Official Veterinary Services Federal and State authorities provide the two main structures for Brazil’s veterinary services. MAPA, through the Department of Animal Health (DDA), is the main Federal authority for all animal health programs and is responsible for coordination of all aspects of the national animal health system. MAPA has regional offices, called the Federal Agriculture Supervision (SFA) in all 26 States in Brazil in addition to central offices located in the Federal District. A Federal veterinarian resides in each regional office and oversees compliance with all official animal health activities at the State level [4, 6, 7]. The State Veterinary Services implements animal health programs with the private sector. The State Agricultural Secretariat (SDA) offices coordinate field activities. The coordinating agency directly responsible for administration of field activities is an integrated public company referred to as Companhia Integrada de Desenvolvimento Agricola de Santa Catarina (CIDASC). Field services are carried out by the staff of the local veterinary units (LVUs), which are further coordinated by the regional veterinary offices [8]. At the international level, Brazil has an agreement to form a Permanent Veterinary Committee (Comite Veterinaria Permanente – CVP) composed of the four Mercosur countries (Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay) plus Bolivia and Chile. This committee is working to improve international relations and collaboration on disease eradication activities (see www.panaftosa.org.br/GIEFA/documentos/Doc2_Ing.DOC). Central Competent Authority The Federal Government coordinates and supervises the overall animal health programs, develops disease control strategies, regulates and controls international commerce in animals and animal products, registers and controls vaccines, conducts laboratory diagnosis, audits State veterinary services, inspects animals and animal products for import, and conducts training. Federal government officials, located primarily in Brasilia, develop policies, laws, and regulations that govern all animal health programs and activities [6]. APHIS Evaluation of the Status of the Brazilian State of Santa Catarina 13
Page 1 and 2: APHIS Evaluation of the Status of t
Page 3 and 4: LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Map of Br
Page 5 and 6: LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ASF: APHIS: B
Page 7 and 8: USDA: VIAA: VS: United States Depar
Page 9 and 10: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The U.S. Departme
Page 11: managers that will allow APHIS to d
Page 15 and 16: and implement animal health activit
Page 17 and 18: Table 2. Structure and human resour
Page 19 and 20: kept, with the documentation being
Page 21 and 22: Figure 5: FMD status zones, Brazil,
Page 23 and 24: FMD Brazil currently has several di
Page 25 and 26: higher risk. In addition, the local
Page 27 and 28: officials, the private sector’s p
Page 29 and 30: Immediate assistance to States for
Page 31 and 32: 7. Movement control, biosecurity, a
Page 33 and 34: In 2005, Santa Catarina’s officia
Page 35 and 36: products, such as offal for human c
Page 37 and 38: Brazilian law prohibits all transpo
Page 39 and 40: corridor inspection posts that were
Page 41 and 42: Table 7. Livestock farms in Santa C
Page 43 and 44: Figure 10: Bovine density and distr
Page 45 and 46: The cooperative farm producers kept
Page 47 and 48: Animal gathering points In Santa Ca
Page 49 and 50: Three geographical sampling strata
Page 51 and 52: follow on notification of vesicular
Page 53 and 54: Table 10. Samples collected in 2000
Page 55 and 56: 10. Diagnostic laboratory capacity
Page 57 and 58: provide CSFV-FMDV diagnostics. Thes
Page 59 and 60: holding and begin tracing animal mo
Page 61 and 62: Likelihood of the introduction of n
Page 63 and 64:
Exposure Assessment An exposure ass
Page 65 and 66:
apparent [28]. Survival of both SVD
Page 67 and 68:
eradication strategies to control t
Page 69 and 70:
partners’ restrictions on animals
Page 71 and 72:
ANNEXES Annex 1. Hazard Identificat
Page 73 and 74:
assay test. Other diagnostic tests
Page 75 and 76:
Annex 3. Hazard Identification: Swi
Page 77 and 78:
Annex 5. Epidemiologic Characterist
Page 79 and 80:
REFERENCES 1. Office International
Page 81 and 82:
43. Green, J.W. and Grannis, J.L. E
Page 83 and 84:
2. Title 9, Code of Federal Regulat
Page 85 and 86:
45. Kitching, R., et al. Developmen
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Exhibit 8, 100416 Brazil FMD Risk Evaluation - R-Calf

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