Exhibit 8, 100416 Brazil FMD Risk Evaluation - R-Calf

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Animal products that enter Brazil must have a MAPA import permit, comply with all sanitary health requirements, originate from an establishment approved to export to Brazil, and declare the port of entry and final destination. Animals must be accompanied by a Zoosanitary Certificate as required in Normative Instruction SDA 31/2002 [3]. According to Brazilian officials, 100 percent of animal products entering the country receive a primary and a secondary inspection. An inspection for animal health purposes is conducted, which includes a check for compliance with labeling and packaging requirements. For the secondary inspection, the product is sent to a storage facility registered with MAPA for public health sampling. If a shipment is rejected, Brazil law authorizes a number of actions. The product may be returned to its place of origin, may be confiscated and incinerated, or may be retained for possible resolution. There was no international importation into Santa Catarina of live animals susceptible to FMD, semen, or embryos from January 2005 to October 2006. All registered imports of products and byproducts are listed table 5 [4]. Table 5. Imports of animals and products from FMD-susceptible animals into Santa Catarina in 2005 and 2006 (partial data, until October 2006). Product Country of Origin Quantity (kg) 2006 2005 Fresh or chilled boneless maturated beef Argentina 163,841 192,000 Uruguay 203,200 109,615 Frozen maturated boneless beef Argentina 43,716 104,861 Uruguay 20,200 23,200 Fresh or chilled bone-in beef cuts Uruguay 1,300 1,000 Frozen bone-in beef cuts Uruguay 500 0 Frozen boneless lamb Uruguay 29,980 18,500 Frozen bone-in lamb cuts Uruguay 558,946 318,500 Frozen pork South Africa 51,000 0 Spain 91,200 412,089 Frozen pork edible offals United States 0 101,870 France 0 24,747 Beef casings Australia 72,955 11,520 Pig casings Germany 116,600 0 Denmark 22,400 0 Spain 242,960 241,800 United States 290,899 500,545 Poland 271,850 147,000 Whole cattle hides Paraguay 0 24,130 Pre-tanned cattle hides Uruguay 2,860 0 Whole cattle hides/skins Italy 61 0 Raw sheepskin with wool Argentina 11,853 0 United States 0 19,278 Raw goatskin United States 0 154 Tanned pigskins China 352 0 Source: Foreign Trade Information Analysis System/ Foreign Trade Secretariat (SECEX) / Ministry of Development, Industry and foreign Trade (MDIC). APHIS Evaluation of the Status of the Brazilian State of Santa Catarina 36
Brazilian law prohibits all transport of animal and plant products from anywhere in the world without proper permits. Airline passengers are checked for animal and plant products. The type of inspection depends on the origin of the flight. Shipments arriving by sea are also checked for animals and animal products, while ship passengers receive random checks for the presence of animals and animal products. Prohibited items are confiscated, stored, and transported by the contract company to the incinerator under MAPA supervision. Customs officials X-ray a percentage of arriving luggage and confiscate prohibited products. They increase the percentage of luggage undergoing X-ray for flights arriving from high-risk areas such as Spain and Portugal, which have small artisan farms with no government oversight, or countries with outbreaks. In addition, passengers from high-risk countries must walk across a disinfectant mat. One hundred percent of luggage from countries having an FMD outbreak goes through X-ray inspection. Inspection stations MAPA controls products imported from other countries at the authorized entry points. Prior to importation, the importer must procure authorization from MAPA. MAPA evaluates the sanitary conditions of the exporting country as well as the exporting facility. If MAPA authorizes the importation, the entry point into Brazil will be specified on the authorization and MAPA’s International Agriculture and Livestock Surveillance Service at the point of entry will receive a copy of the authorization with all the specific sanitary requirements listed. The products must receive inspection and authorization from the official veterinarian at the point of entry to be released into Santa Catarina [4]. Permanent inspection stations are located at strategic points along the border of Santa Catarina. There are 67 permanent inspection stations for import of plants, animals and products into Santa Catarina (see Figure 8). These stations are staffed by 429 professionals from the official veterinary services, who work in shifts to provide 24-hour coverage. Operations at each post are coordinated by an official veterinarian and include police support. The inspection posts have communications equipment, computers, vehicles, equipment for cleaning and disinfection, and an area for disinfecting and disposing of confiscated material [4]. APHIS Evaluation of the Status of the Brazilian State of Santa Catarina 37
Page 1 and 2: APHIS Evaluation of the Status of t
Page 3 and 4: LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Map of Br
Page 5 and 6: LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ASF: APHIS: B
Page 7 and 8: USDA: VIAA: VS: United States Depar
Page 9 and 10: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The U.S. Departme
Page 11 and 12: managers that will allow APHIS to d
Page 13 and 14: Legal authority for animal disease
Page 15 and 16: and implement animal health activit
Page 17 and 18: Table 2. Structure and human resour
Page 19 and 20: kept, with the documentation being
Page 21 and 22: Figure 5: FMD status zones, Brazil,
Page 23 and 24: FMD Brazil currently has several di
Page 25 and 26: higher risk. In addition, the local
Page 27 and 28: officials, the private sector’s p
Page 29 and 30: Immediate assistance to States for
Page 31 and 32: 7. Movement control, biosecurity, a
Page 33 and 34: In 2005, Santa Catarina’s officia
Page 35: products, such as offal for human c
Page 39 and 40: corridor inspection posts that were
Page 41 and 42: Table 7. Livestock farms in Santa C
Page 43 and 44: Figure 10: Bovine density and distr
Page 45 and 46: The cooperative farm producers kept
Page 47 and 48: Animal gathering points In Santa Ca
Page 49 and 50: Three geographical sampling strata
Page 51 and 52: follow on notification of vesicular
Page 53 and 54: Table 10. Samples collected in 2000
Page 55 and 56: 10. Diagnostic laboratory capacity
Page 57 and 58: provide CSFV-FMDV diagnostics. Thes
Page 59 and 60: holding and begin tracing animal mo
Page 61 and 62: Likelihood of the introduction of n
Page 63 and 64: Exposure Assessment An exposure ass
Page 65 and 66: apparent [28]. Survival of both SVD
Page 67 and 68: eradication strategies to control t
Page 69 and 70: partners’ restrictions on animals
Page 71 and 72: ANNEXES Annex 1. Hazard Identificat
Page 73 and 74: assay test. Other diagnostic tests
Page 75 and 76: Annex 3. Hazard Identification: Swi
Page 77 and 78: Annex 5. Epidemiologic Characterist
Page 79 and 80: REFERENCES 1. Office International
Page 81 and 82: 43. Green, J.W. and Grannis, J.L. E
Page 83 and 84: 2. Title 9, Code of Federal Regulat
Page 85 and 86: 45. Kitching, R., et al. Developmen

Exhibit 8, 100416 Brazil FMD Risk Evaluation - R-Calf

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