Differential diagnosis of rinderpest is similar to that of other viral vesicular diseases including <strong>FMD</strong>, Bovine viral diarrhea/mucosal disease (BVD), Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), Malignant catarrhal fever, Vesicular stomatitis, and in small ruminants, peste des petits ruminants. APHIS <strong>Evaluation</strong> of the Status of the <strong>Brazil</strong>ian State of Santa Catarina 78
REFERENCES 1. Office International des Epizooties (OIE). International Animal Health Code: Mammals, Birds and Bees. 2004. 2. Title 9, Code of Federal Regulations (9 CFR), section 92.2. Application for Recognition of the Animal Health Status of a Region. 2004. 3. MAPA. Clarification of Information Requested for Recognition of a Region Free from Classical Swine Fever (CSF) in <strong>Brazil</strong>. 2005. 4. MAPA. State of Santa Catarina Proposal for Recognition as an <strong>FMD</strong>-Free Zone where Vaccination is not Practiced, D.o.A. Health, Editor. 2007. 5. MAPA. Response to Specific Comments on the 11 Factors Given in 9 CFR 92.2, Application for Recognition of the Animal Health Status of a Region. 2003a: Department of Animal Health. 6. APHIS. Observations Made During APHIS' Site Visit to <strong>Brazil</strong>. October 2002 & August 2003. 2003. 7. MAPA. Regionalization of <strong>FMD</strong>. 2002b, Department of Animal Health. 8. MAPA. Missao Estados Unidos da America - powerpoint presentation. 2008. 9. MAPA. USA Technical Visit, APHIS/USDA - powerpoint presentation. 2008. 10. MAPA. Enlargement of the Foot-and-Mouth Disease-Free Zone, where Vaccination is Practiced: Midwestern and Eastern livestock circuits. 2000a, Department of Animal Health. 11. APHIS. Observations Made During APHIS' Site Visit to Santa Catarina, <strong>Brazil</strong>. June 2008. 2008. 12. MAPA, Complementary Information Requested by USDA Regarding the Process of <strong>Risk</strong> Assessment for Fresh, Chilled or Frozen Beef Exported to NAFTA. 2003c: Department of Animal Health. 13. MAPA. Information Requested by APHIS for the <strong>Risk</strong> Assessment of Pork from Santa Catarina State. 2006 14. OIE. OIE WAHID. 2008 [cited 2008 December]; Available at www.oie.int/hs2. 15. Freitas, T.E.E., Oliveira, A., Joineau, M., Souza Duarte, A., C.L. Vargas, I, and Rebello, M. Classical Swine Fever in <strong>Brazil</strong>: Study for the Survey of Classical Swine Fever Outbreaks in <strong>Brazil</strong> from 1978 to 2004. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, Londrina, 2007. 28: pp. 277-286. 16. MAPA. Expansion of Foot-and-Mouth Disease-Free Zone with Vaccination: State of Rondônia. 2002d, Department of Animal Health. 17. MAPA. Elimination of the Outbreaks of Foot-and-Mouth Disease that Occurred in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, <strong>Brazil</strong>. 2002c, Department of Animal Health. 18. Secretariat of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food. National Animal Health and Agrifood Quality Service. SENASA., Annex IV -<strong>FMD</strong> - Sero-Epidemiological Surveillance, San Luis del Palmar, Corrientes. 2006. 19. MAPA. Proposal for the Enlargement of the Foot-and-Mouth Disease-Free Zone, where Vaccination is Practiced. 2000b, Department of Animal Health. 20. OIE. Terrestrial Animal Health Code 2008, Volume 1, Chapter 2.2, Import <strong>Risk</strong> Analysis 2008 [cited 2008 December]. Available at www.oie.int/eng/normes/mcode/en_titre_1.3.htm. 21. CEAH. Pathway Assessment of Foot-and-Mouth Disease (<strong>FMD</strong>) <strong>Risk</strong> to the United States: An <strong>Evaluation</strong> in Response to International <strong>FMD</strong> Outbreaks in 2001. 2001. APHIS <strong>Evaluation</strong> of the Status of the <strong>Brazil</strong>ian State of Santa Catarina 79
- Page 1 and 2:
APHIS Evaluation of the Status of t
- Page 3 and 4:
LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Map of Br
- Page 5 and 6:
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ASF: APHIS: B
- Page 7 and 8:
USDA: VIAA: VS: United States Depar
- Page 9 and 10:
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The U.S. Departme
- Page 11 and 12:
managers that will allow APHIS to d
- Page 13 and 14:
Legal authority for animal disease
- Page 15 and 16:
and implement animal health activit
- Page 17 and 18:
Table 2. Structure and human resour
- Page 19 and 20:
kept, with the documentation being
- Page 21 and 22:
Figure 5: FMD status zones, Brazil,
- Page 23 and 24:
FMD Brazil currently has several di
- Page 25 and 26:
higher risk. In addition, the local
- Page 27 and 28: officials, the private sector’s p
- Page 29 and 30: Immediate assistance to States for
- Page 31 and 32: 7. Movement control, biosecurity, a
- Page 33 and 34: In 2005, Santa Catarina’s officia
- Page 35 and 36: products, such as offal for human c
- Page 37 and 38: Brazilian law prohibits all transpo
- Page 39 and 40: corridor inspection posts that were
- Page 41 and 42: Table 7. Livestock farms in Santa C
- Page 43 and 44: Figure 10: Bovine density and distr
- Page 45 and 46: The cooperative farm producers kept
- Page 47 and 48: Animal gathering points In Santa Ca
- Page 49 and 50: Three geographical sampling strata
- Page 51 and 52: follow on notification of vesicular
- Page 53 and 54: Table 10. Samples collected in 2000
- Page 55 and 56: 10. Diagnostic laboratory capacity
- Page 57 and 58: provide CSFV-FMDV diagnostics. Thes
- Page 59 and 60: holding and begin tracing animal mo
- Page 61 and 62: Likelihood of the introduction of n
- Page 63 and 64: Exposure Assessment An exposure ass
- Page 65 and 66: apparent [28]. Survival of both SVD
- Page 67 and 68: eradication strategies to control t
- Page 69 and 70: partners’ restrictions on animals
- Page 71 and 72: ANNEXES Annex 1. Hazard Identificat
- Page 73 and 74: assay test. Other diagnostic tests
- Page 75 and 76: Annex 3. Hazard Identification: Swi
- Page 77: Annex 5. Epidemiologic Characterist
- Page 81 and 82: 43. Green, J.W. and Grannis, J.L. E
- Page 83 and 84: 2. Title 9, Code of Federal Regulat
- Page 85 and 86: 45. Kitching, R., et al. Developmen
Change language