Programs managed by the Federal authorities include <strong>FMD</strong> eradication, swine health (especially managing CSF), tuberculosis (TB) and brucellosis management, transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) surveillance, biological residue control, and traceability. To provide effective oversight, MAPA officials travel regularly to the Ministry’s offices in each State, and to the SDA offices in the field to evaluate programs at the local level [6]. The Federal veterinary service workforce consists of 1,629 veterinarians, 2,037 technical assistants, and 358 administrative assistants [9]. State and Local Veterinary Services Federal and State interactions are well defined and structured. State personnel execute Federal programs, laws, and policies at the State level. Cooperation is achieved by renewal of signed cooperative agreements, which transfer considerable amounts of funding from the Federal budget to State agencies. The Federal program has ultimate authority over conduct of the national eradication program. It uses its authority to allocate financial resources to ensure compliance with Federal program policy and provides oversight to ensure that the resources provided will be effectively managed [6, 7, 10]. Responsibilities of State officials for carrying out Federal programs are outlined in standard operating procedures developed with Federal officials. The standard operating procedures apply to defined regions and reflect local circumstances. In Santa Catarina, CIDASC implements Federal programs at the field level. It maintains an up-to-date register of rural holdings, controls intra- and interstate movement of animals and animal products, provides assistance to Federal authorities during outbreaks, investigates suspected notifiable diseases, provides sanitary education to the community, develops animal disease surveillance and information systems, inspects livestock events such as fairs, exhibitions, auctions and public sales, and inspects animals and their products and byproducts before movement. The SFA of MAPA oversees these activities [4]. Regional and local offices of the official State veterinary services are part of the CIDASC organization. The central and regional units of CIDASC oversee local animal health activities. The work of CIDASC is directly inspected by MAPA, through its representatives at SFA. Additionally, MAPA carries out audits throughout the State, with the last statewide evaluation occurring during August and September of 2006. The evaluation was positive overall and the State adopted the auditors’ recommendations (Personal communication, Chapeco Office). During the 2008 site visit, the Chapeco Regional Office reported that it had been audited by either MAPA (for pigs and poultry) or CIDASC three times over the past year. The last <strong>FMD</strong> audit in Santa Catarina was conducted in 2006, with favorable overall results. A few deficiencies were documented, including the need for a single person in charge of sanitary health (since at the time one person oversaw both sanitary and animal health). These deficiencies have been corrected. Each State in <strong>Brazil</strong> is administratively divided into municipalities, which comprise the basic units of animal health and surveillance. The field structure of the veterinary services in the country consists of 1,528 LVUs; 3,940 municipal offices; 5,029 veterinarians; and 13,357 technical and administrative assistants and support personnel [9]. The LVUs consist of one or more municipalities APHIS <strong>Evaluation</strong> of the Status of the <strong>Brazil</strong>ian State of Santa Catarina 14
and implement animal health activities within the area they represent. The local units are administratively grouped into regional units (19 total in Santa Catarina). Epidemiologic and health data collected by the LVUs are consolidated and analyzed at the local level, used as appropriate, and then forwarded to regional, State, and national offices [4]. Geographic distribution of regional and local veterinary units in Santa Catarina is displayed in Figures 3 and 4, respectively, below. Figure 3: Distribution of regional coordination units of CIDASC, 2006 [4] APHIS <strong>Evaluation</strong> of the Status of the <strong>Brazil</strong>ian State of Santa Catarina 15
- Page 1 and 2: APHIS Evaluation of the Status of t
- Page 3 and 4: LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Map of Br
- Page 5 and 6: LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ASF: APHIS: B
- Page 7 and 8: USDA: VIAA: VS: United States Depar
- Page 9 and 10: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The U.S. Departme
- Page 11 and 12: managers that will allow APHIS to d
- Page 13: Legal authority for animal disease
- Page 17 and 18: Table 2. Structure and human resour
- Page 19 and 20: kept, with the documentation being
- Page 21 and 22: Figure 5: FMD status zones, Brazil,
- Page 23 and 24: FMD Brazil currently has several di
- Page 25 and 26: higher risk. In addition, the local
- Page 27 and 28: officials, the private sector’s p
- Page 29 and 30: Immediate assistance to States for
- Page 31 and 32: 7. Movement control, biosecurity, a
- Page 33 and 34: In 2005, Santa Catarina’s officia
- Page 35 and 36: products, such as offal for human c
- Page 37 and 38: Brazilian law prohibits all transpo
- Page 39 and 40: corridor inspection posts that were
- Page 41 and 42: Table 7. Livestock farms in Santa C
- Page 43 and 44: Figure 10: Bovine density and distr
- Page 45 and 46: The cooperative farm producers kept
- Page 47 and 48: Animal gathering points In Santa Ca
- Page 49 and 50: Three geographical sampling strata
- Page 51 and 52: follow on notification of vesicular
- Page 53 and 54: Table 10. Samples collected in 2000
- Page 55 and 56: 10. Diagnostic laboratory capacity
- Page 57 and 58: provide CSFV-FMDV diagnostics. Thes
- Page 59 and 60: holding and begin tracing animal mo
- Page 61 and 62: Likelihood of the introduction of n
- Page 63 and 64: Exposure Assessment An exposure ass
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apparent [28]. Survival of both SVD
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eradication strategies to control t
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partners’ restrictions on animals
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ANNEXES Annex 1. Hazard Identificat
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assay test. Other diagnostic tests
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Annex 3. Hazard Identification: Swi
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Annex 5. Epidemiologic Characterist
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REFERENCES 1. Office International
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43. Green, J.W. and Grannis, J.L. E
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2. Title 9, Code of Federal Regulat
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45. Kitching, R., et al. Developmen
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