Exhibit 8, 100416 Brazil FMD Risk Evaluation - R-Calf

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25. Hennecken, M., J.A. Stegeman, et al. Transmission of Classical Swine Fever Virus by Artificial Insemination During the 1997-1998 Epidemic in the Netherlands: A Descriptive Epidemiological Study. Vet Q, 2000. 22(4): pp 228-233. 26. Floegel, G. and Wehrend, A. Detection of Classical Swine Fever Virus in Semen of Infected Boars. Veterinary Microbiology, 2000. 77: pp. 109-116. 27. Glossup, C.E. and Cameron, R. Transmission of Viruses Through Pigs and Products of Pig Origin. Trends in Emerging Viral Infections of Swine, ed. A. Morilla, K.Y. Yoon, and J.J. Zimmerman. 2002, Ames, Iowa: Iowa State Press. 3-11. 28. OIE. Classical Swine Fever Disease Card. 2008 [cited 2008 December]; Available from: www.oie.int/eng/maladies/fiches/a_A130. 29. OIE. Swine Vesicular Disease Disease Card. 2008 [cited 2008 December]; Available from: www.oie.int/eng/maladies/fiches/a_A130.htm. 30. OIE. African Swine Fever Disease Card. 2008 [cited 2008 December]; Available from: www.oie.int/eng/maladies/fiches/a_A130.htm. 31. McCauley, E.H. et al. Potential Economic Impact of Foot-and-Mouth Disease in the United States. St. Paul, Minnesota: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1979. 32. Dunn, C.S. and Donaldson, A.I. Natural Adaption to Pigs of a Taiwanese Isolate of Footand-Mouth Disease Virus. Vet Rec, 1997. 141: pp. 174-75. 33. Geering, W.A. and Forman, A.J. Foot-and-Mouth Disease, in Exotic Diseases of Animals: a Field Guide for Australian Veterinarians, Australian Government Publishing Service, Editor. 1995: Canberra. 34. Doel, T.R. FMD Vaccines. Virus Res, 2003. 91(1): pp. 81-99. 35. Moennig, V. Introduction to Classical Swine Fever: Virus, Disease and Control Policy. Veterinary Microbiology, 2000. 73: pp. 93-102. 36. Bates, T.W., Carpenter, T.E. and Thurmond, M.C. Benefit-Cost Analysis of Vaccination and Preemptive Slaughter as a Means of Eradicating Foot-and-Mouth Disease. Am J Vet Res, 2003. 64(7): pp. 805-812. 37. Stegeman, J.A., Elbers, A. et al. The 1997-1998 Epidemic of Classical Swine Fever in the Netherlands. Veterinary Microbiology, 2000. 73: pp. 183-196. 38. Saatkamp, H.W., Berentsen, P.B.M., et al. Economic Aspects of the Control of Classical Swine Fever Outbreaks in the European Union. Veterinary Microbiology, 2000. 73: pp. 221-237. 39. Garner, M.G., Whan, I.F., et al. The Expected Economic Impact of Selected Exotic Diseases on the Pig Industry of Australia. Revue Scientifique et Technique de l'Office International des Epizooties, 2001. 20(3): pp. 671-685. 40. Lin, F. and Kitching, R.P. Swine Vesicular Disease: An Overview. Veterinary Journal, 2000. 160: pp. 192-201. 41. FAS. U.S. Beef, Pork and Poultry Trade Charts, www.fas.usda.gov/dlp/tradecharts/. 2003. 42. Paarlberg, P.L., Lee, J.G., and Seitzinger, A.H. Potential Revenue Impact of an Outbreak of Foot-and-Mouth Disease in the United States. J Am Vet Med Assoc, 2002. 220(7): pp. 988- 992. 43. Green, J.W. and Grannis, J.L. Economic Impact of Alternative Management Strategies for Regulating Canadian Ruminant/Product Imports. Unpublished report. 2003, Centers for Epidemiology and Animal Health. 44. Hall, H. Diseases and Parasites of Livestock in the Tropics, 2nd Edition. Intermediate Tropical Agriculture Series, 1985: pp. 41-46. APHIS Evaluation of the Status of the Brazilian State of Santa Catarina 84
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Page 1 and 2:
APHIS Evaluation of the Status of t
Page 3 and 4:
LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Map of Br
Page 5 and 6:
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ASF: APHIS: B
Page 7 and 8:
USDA: VIAA: VS: United States Depar
Page 9 and 10:
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The U.S. Departme
Page 11 and 12:
managers that will allow APHIS to d
Page 13 and 14:
Legal authority for animal disease
Page 15 and 16:
and implement animal health activit
Page 17 and 18:
Table 2. Structure and human resour
Page 19 and 20:
kept, with the documentation being
Page 21 and 22:
Figure 5: FMD status zones, Brazil,
Page 23 and 24:
FMD Brazil currently has several di
Page 25 and 26:
higher risk. In addition, the local
Page 27 and 28:
officials, the private sector’s p
Page 29 and 30:
Immediate assistance to States for
Page 31 and 32:
7. Movement control, biosecurity, a
Page 33 and 34: In 2005, Santa Catarina’s officia
Page 35 and 36: products, such as offal for human c
Page 37 and 38: Brazilian law prohibits all transpo
Page 39 and 40: corridor inspection posts that were
Page 41 and 42: Table 7. Livestock farms in Santa C
Page 43 and 44: Figure 10: Bovine density and distr
Page 45 and 46: The cooperative farm producers kept
Page 47 and 48: Animal gathering points In Santa Ca
Page 49 and 50: Three geographical sampling strata
Page 51 and 52: follow on notification of vesicular
Page 53 and 54: Table 10. Samples collected in 2000
Page 55 and 56: 10. Diagnostic laboratory capacity
Page 57 and 58: provide CSFV-FMDV diagnostics. Thes
Page 59 and 60: holding and begin tracing animal mo
Page 61 and 62: Likelihood of the introduction of n
Page 63 and 64: Exposure Assessment An exposure ass
Page 65 and 66: apparent [28]. Survival of both SVD
Page 67 and 68: eradication strategies to control t
Page 69 and 70: partners’ restrictions on animals
Page 71 and 72: ANNEXES Annex 1. Hazard Identificat
Page 73 and 74: assay test. Other diagnostic tests
Page 75 and 76: Annex 3. Hazard Identification: Swi
Page 77 and 78: Annex 5. Epidemiologic Characterist
Page 79 and 80: REFERENCES 1. Office International
Page 81 and 82: 43. Green, J.W. and Grannis, J.L. E
Page 83: 2. Title 9, Code of Federal Regulat
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Exhibit 8, 100416 Brazil FMD Risk Evaluation - R-Calf

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