Exhibit 8, 100416 Brazil FMD Risk Evaluation - R-Calf

Passive surveillance
Passive surveillance is the primary form of evaluation conducted during the second phase of FMD
eradication, and involves monitoring for disease. Many individuals carry out this phase of
surveillance using many different types of activities, including:
Animal movement control activities
Farm inspections
Slaughterhouse inspection
Inspections during livestock fairs [6]
High-risk farms receive more visits during passive surveillance. Because passive surveillance relies
heavily on community participation and similar inputs through the LVU, officials try to keep the
level of community participation high and the participants informed of both the suspicious signs of
disease and its reporting requirements. For example, in 2002, the official service held 9,702
seminars, reaching 213,131 people, with an average of 23 participants per event [7].
Any suspicion of vesicular disease must be immediately reported to the official veterinary services
(or in the case of animal owners or handlers, to their private veterinarian, who must then report a
continued suspicion to the official service). Animal owners or those responsible for the animals who
fail to report suspicious cases of officially notifiable diseases, such as FMD or SVD, are subject to
State civil penalties and may also be charged under the Brazilian Penal Code. Veterinarians may
also face disciplinary sanctions by the Veterinary Medicine Regional Councils [4].
There are several participants in the vesicular disease surveillance system in Brazil:
Cattle raisers, owners of susceptible animals, and rural workers who handle the animals
Official employees, as part of their duties while visiting farms or animal gatherings (such as
shows, auctions, and exhibitions)
Contracted, approved or official vaccinators
Technicians
Representatives of rural communities, especially those who work in cattle holdings and
receive training from the official veterinary service
Slaughterhouse employees
Official employees who check the movement of animals and their products and byproducts in
permanent inspection stations and on mobile inspection teams
Veterinarians, paraveterinarians and other private sector professionals who work with animal
health [4]
Records of notifications submitted to the official veterinary service are kept at LVUs and include
information about the time of notification, the location of the holding or premises where the animals
are kept, the species involved, the type of notification (by owner, veterinarian, or third party), how
the notification was made (personally, by phone, or otherwise), and an initial description of the
event. After receiving the notification, official service veterinarians must respond to the suspicion as
soon as possible. This response is usually immediate, especially if the report is made during
business hours, but must be made within 12 hours regardless of weekends or holidays. A vesicular
disease suspicion kit is available in all LVUs and includes the necessary equipment to hold the
animal, collect samples, take appropriate biosafety measures, and record the collected information.
A standard national notification form is used. The kit also includes a manual detailing the steps to
APHIS Evaluation of the Status of the Brazilian State of Santa Catarina 50