SOP for Flood Forecasting & Early Warning - UNESCO Islamabad

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WAPDA's telemetric system is an important source of hydrological data for the flood forecasting purposes. (ii) This is supplemented by the manually observed data from the Surface Water Hydrology Project of WAPDA. In addition to data measurement sites at the main rivers, the Irrigation Department also maintains limited network of manually observed hydrological stations at barrages and important nullahs. This data is utilised for forecasting the floods in these nullahs, which besides causing damage to the adjacent areas, contribute substantially towards the main river flows during major floods. (iii) Cross Border Data: Pakistan has a unique flood forecasting problem in the season that flood generating rains occur across the border (in India and held Kashmir) and as a consequence floods flow down into Pakistan. This situation calls for obtaining the hydrometerological data of important river sites from across the border. This has been provided in an agreement between Pakistan & India (through the respective Commissioners for Indus waters). The agreement which is renewed annually, provides for the supply of river flows data of the selected sites at Sutlej, Ravi, Chenab and Jhelum rivers on the basis of reimbursement of the actual cost of data measurement collection and transmission to Pakistan. Generally the arrangement works satisfactorily, except when the data measurement sties in India/held Kashmir, are subjected to such severe floods which may cause interruption of the data communication system as it happened in 1988 flood season. (iv) Provincial Irrigation Departments (PIDs) are also actively involved in the flood mitigation process from the warning dissemination to the flood fighting stage. Flood fighting is mainly done at the Divisional level by the concerned Executive Engineers, while the overall flood related functions are looked after by a Superintending Engineer, who is designated as the Director Floods and Secretary Flood Commission. (v) Pakistan Army’s Corps of Engineers is involved in the flood relief operations and breaching of the flood bounds as and when required at the advice of the Provincial Irrigation Departments. Lately, however, Punjab Irrigation Department has decided not to involve Army in the breaching operations and instead to use bulldozers for creating the breach. (vi) At the Federal Government level, most of the flood management functions are planned and executed by the Ministry of Water & Power through the Federal Flood Commission (FFC), which provides the necessary Support to the provinces in the flood fighting process. FFC provides both c:\documents and settings\administrator\desktop\cd material nust\international training workshop\session 5\2_sop pmd_51 pages.doc
the financial and technical support to the provinces in executing the flood protection works. In addition to this, FFC is supporting WAPDA and PMD in establishing a modern flood forecasting and warning system in the country. Three most modern ‘S-Band’ Doppler weather radars at Lahore, Sialkot & Mangla have been provided to PMD, while a new hydrometric data measurement and transmission system has also been established for WAPDA. The information on the extent and depth of inundation along both sides of the river is also available. Such information will enable issuance of early flood warnings to potential inundated areas. c:\documents and settings\administrator\desktop\cd material nust\international training workshop\session 5\2_sop pmd_51 pages.doc
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Page 3 and 4: Introduction Planes of Pakistan hav
Page 5 and 6: Chapter 1 Flood Causes & Management
Page 7 and 8: Table 1.3 S.No. Flood Limits NAME O
Page 9: c. Continue moving in the northerly
Page 13 and 14: Heaviest and the most frequent summ
Page 15 and 16: i) Qualitative flood forecast ii) Q
Page 17 and 18: High/Critical flood equivalent to _
Page 19 and 20: ) Areal Flood Inundation Flood Fore
Page 21 and 22: Chapter 3 Responsibilities of the F
Page 23 and 24: placed in the forecasts issued by C
Page 25 and 26: especially in respect of the river
Page 27 and 28: season. During the flood emergency,
Page 29 and 30: the Engineers. Lack of understandin
Page 31 and 32: FFC was established in 1977 to prov
Page 33 and 34: Sukkur and Kotri barrages were rece
Page 35 and 36: appropriate recipient: the flood fo
Page 37 and 38: FLOOD ROUTING THROUGH MANGLA RESERV
Page 39 and 40: Annexture-5C FLOOD ROUTING THROUGH
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SOP for Flood Forecasting & Early Warning - UNESCO Islamabad

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