SOP for Flood Forecasting & Early Warning - UNESCO Islamabad

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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS S. No 1. SOP Standard Operating Procedure 2. PMD Pakistan Meteorological Department 3. FFD Flood Forecasting Division 4. FFC Federal Flood Commission 5. NDMA National Disaster Management Authority 6. PMF Probable Maximum Flood 7. PMP Probable Maximum Precipitation 8. WAPDA Water and Power Development Authority 9. PID Provincial Irrigation Departments 10. PIDA Provincial Irrigation and Drainage Authority 11. RDFF Routine Daily Flood Forecast 12. GMT Greenwich Mean Time 13. PCIW Pakistan Commissioner for Indus Water 14. ERC Emergency Relief Cell 15. UNDP United Nation Development Programme 16. ADB Asian Development Bank 17. APT Automatic Picture Transmission 18. RTT Radio Telegraphic Transmission 19. H & WM Hydrology and Water Management 20. FWC Flood Warning Center 21. RC Relief Commissioner 22. SWH Surface Water Hydrology c:\documents and settings\administrator\desktop\cd material nust\international training workshop\session 5\2_sop pmd_51 pages.doc
Introduction Planes of Pakistan have quite often been swept across by severe flood. In fact out of all the natural hazards floods are the single most devastating natural hazard in Pakistan. Statistically every five years a flood of exceptionally high level occurs in the Chenab, which is the flashiest channel out of all the five major rivers. Every ten years a major flood of exceptionally high level passes through all the five rivers. Even 15 years a super flood of 1988 or 1992 type occurs. Loss of life and property associated with floods has been colossal. In the year 1973 more than 3 million homes were destroyed and 160 persons lost their lives. The 1976 flood demolished over 10 million houses while 425 lives were lost with losses amounting to Rs. 6 billion. In 1988 an unprecedented flood occurred towards the end of September inflicting Rs. 17 billion worth of damage to the country. The super flood of 1992 surpassed all previous records with the damage estimated at Rs. 50 billion. The modern flood fighting strategy is always a blend of engineering as well as non-engineering measures. This is because the meteorological phenomena causing the floods is outside the purview of the human activity and thus the occurrence of the rainfall and floods cannot be checked. However advance information of occurrence of meteorological events can be used to forecast floods and adopt safety measures well in time. The flood mitigation planning in Indus basin consists of both the engineering as well as nonengineering measures. Watershed management above the rim station (the first gauging stations on rivers after they enter in Pakistan) forms the starting point of the planning. Below the rim station, several flood protection works have been provided to protect the facilities. Most important part of the flood mitigation planning is the establishment of a reliable flood early warning system so as to afford the timely evacuation of people from the threatened area, use of Mangla and Tarbela reservoirs on the basis of the forecast of the expected in flows (through improved flood forecasting facilities) is also an important aspect of the flood mitigation process for reducing the downstream flood damages by phasing out the flood waves at the confluences. The SOP contains the procedure of the flood forecast, early warning the stakeholder for data collection, transmission and dissemination of the flood forecast and warning. Classifications of floods, flood limits and travel time (from one headworks/sites to other all the agencies involved in flood management process in Pakistan. Chapter I describes the causes of flood in Pakistan and the c:\documents and settings\administrator\desktop\cd material nust\international training workshop\session 5\2_sop pmd_51 pages.doc
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Page 5 and 6: Chapter 1 Flood Causes & Management
Page 7 and 8: Table 1.3 S.No. Flood Limits NAME O
Page 9 and 10: c. Continue moving in the northerly
Page 11 and 12: the financial and technical support
Page 13 and 14: Heaviest and the most frequent summ
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Page 17 and 18: High/Critical flood equivalent to _
Page 19 and 20: ) Areal Flood Inundation Flood Fore
Page 21 and 22: Chapter 3 Responsibilities of the F
Page 23 and 24: placed in the forecasts issued by C
Page 25 and 26: especially in respect of the river
Page 27 and 28: season. During the flood emergency,
Page 29 and 30: the Engineers. Lack of understandin
Page 31 and 32: FFC was established in 1977 to prov
Page 33 and 34: Sukkur and Kotri barrages were rece
Page 35 and 36: appropriate recipient: the flood fo
Page 37 and 38: FLOOD ROUTING THROUGH MANGLA RESERV
Page 39 and 40: Annexture-5C FLOOD ROUTING THROUGH
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SOP for Flood Forecasting & Early Warning - UNESCO Islamabad

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