SOP for Flood Forecasting & Early Warning - UNESCO Islamabad

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Chapter 4 Flood Forecast & Early Warning Dissemination System 4.1 Background Information Since the establishment of the flood forecasting and warning system , the dissemination of the flood forecasts / warning was entrusted to an office designated as the Flood warning Center ( FWC) , which was temporarily established every year within the premises of the Flood Forecasting Division ( FFD) for the duration of the flood season ( 15 June to 15 Oct ) . The FWC was constituted of the representatives from such departments / agencies which are directly or indirectly related to the flood problem. This includes WAPDA, Pakistan Railways, Pakistan Army, Irrigation dept; Highways dept; and Information department of Punjab. The center functioned under the overall control of the Relief Commissioner Punjab, who was the Senior Member Board of revenue and performed flood duties as an additional assignment. Operation control of center was exercised by the Director Flood of the Punjab Irrigation Department while the logistics of the center were looked after by DG, Relief Department, who was in turn assisted by his two Directors i.e. , Director Operation and Director Technical. The FWC was supported by the Police Tele Communication center which was simultaneously established within the premises of PMD’S Flood Forecasting Office at 46-Jail Road Lahore under the orders of the Relief Commissioner. The Police Tele communication Center provided the necessary communication links through police wireless sets between the e FWC and all the Irrigation sites (including the river headwork) and District / tehsil Level flood centers temporarily established during the flood season under the control of Deputy Commissioners. Reception and dissemination of the flood data and the flood forecasts / warning respectively was done by FWC through the Police Tele Communication center. Flood data constituted the rain and discharge data of the river as well as that of the natural streams / nallahs considered vial for the flood forecasting purposes. Flood data of the WAPDA sites was received through WAPDA communication center Sunny View Lahore, where it was passed on to WAPDA sub-office at the Flood forecasting Office. Flood data of the river sites of river Indus in the province of Sindh was received through HF radio sets placed at WAPDA sub office ( at 46-Jail Road Lahore ). Discharge data and the flood forecast of Guddu , c:\documents and settings\administrator\desktop\cd material nust\international training workshop\session 5\2_sop pmd_51 pages.doc
Sukkur and Kotri barrages were received and disseminated respectively using this HF radio communication link between FWC Lahore and Tughlaq House Karachi Under the above mentioned flood warning system, the forecasting and the dissemination function were completely bifurcated and entrusted to Flood Forecasting center of PMD and FWC of the province of Punjab respectively. Consequently, the Director Flood Forecasting Center of PMD had no say in the dissemination of the flood forecasts issued by him. His responsibility ended after the forecast issued by him was handed over to the FWC , since the dissemination was the sole responsibility of the FWC under the control of the Relief Commissioner ( RC ) and through him the Director Flood ( Irrigation department ) 4.2 Prevailing Flood Warning Dissemination System With the passage of time, operation of the earlier dissemination system inherited some discrepancies, which raised confusions in the mind of the public and the Govt agencies which are listed below: a) Police telecommunication system (for the reception of Flood data and the dissemination of flood forecasts/ warning) be replaced with some advanced automatic data communication system. However, until such time a system becomes available the police operator posted on flood duties be given some training to enable detection of simple data errors and also to understand the urgency and importance of timely data and flood forecasts communications. b) Dissemination of the flood / warning at least to the important recipients be done by the Flood Forecasting division to ensure timely dissemination under the overall supervision of the Chief Meteorologist FFD . c) some mechanism to ensure proper coordination between the various departments / agencies involved in the flood mitigation process be established. This could be done by an authority having the full legal jurisdiction over all the concerned agencies. The problem and the possible remedies were frequently discussed in flood meetings at Provincial and Federal government levels. As a result of such efforts the earlier flood warning dissemination system underwent gradual changes as reflected in the system currently in vogue. Salient features of current flood warning dissemination system are as follows: c:\documents and settings\administrator\desktop\cd material nust\international training workshop\session 5\2_sop pmd_51 pages.doc
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Page 3 and 4: Introduction Planes of Pakistan hav
Page 5 and 6: Chapter 1 Flood Causes & Management
Page 7 and 8: Table 1.3 S.No. Flood Limits NAME O
Page 9 and 10: c. Continue moving in the northerly
Page 11 and 12: the financial and technical support
Page 13 and 14: Heaviest and the most frequent summ
Page 15 and 16: i) Qualitative flood forecast ii) Q
Page 17 and 18: High/Critical flood equivalent to _
Page 19 and 20: ) Areal Flood Inundation Flood Fore
Page 21 and 22: Chapter 3 Responsibilities of the F
Page 23 and 24: placed in the forecasts issued by C
Page 25 and 26: especially in respect of the river
Page 27 and 28: season. During the flood emergency,
Page 29 and 30: the Engineers. Lack of understandin
Page 31: FFC was established in 1977 to prov
Page 35 and 36: appropriate recipient: the flood fo
Page 37 and 38: FLOOD ROUTING THROUGH MANGLA RESERV
Page 39 and 40: Annexture-5C FLOOD ROUTING THROUGH
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SOP for Flood Forecasting & Early Warning - UNESCO Islamabad

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