10 07 29 Master thesis Juliana Leon - e-Waste. This guide

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200 and 350 tons. Based on the latter, the total amount of computer waste going from MLBs to formal e-waste treatment has been taken as a variable in the MFA (see Table 13). Table 10: Formal companies who received computer waste in 2009 Formal e-waste processor Interview Processes In 2009 they send PWBs to: CENARE (Bogotá) SV D Lito Ltda, CI Recycables Lito Ltda (4 cities) - D, R Pre-treatment, export CI Recycables (Cartagena) T, E D, R Pre-treatment, export Gaia Vitare (Bogotá) T D, R CI Recycables Aire SA (Bogotá) - D eCycling (Medellín) T, E D Still not commercializing in 2009 PM Group (Cali) T R Started to buy PWBs in 2010 Formal e-waste collectors In 2009 they send WEEE to: Ecoeficiencia (Bogotá) T No process CI Recycables Ecosoluciones (Bogotá) - No process CI Recycables Asei Ltda (Medellín) - No process CI Recycables SAAM (Cali) - No process CI Recycables Ecoprocesamiento (Bogotá) T No process Lito Ltda Lasea Soluciones (Bogotá) - No process Gaia Vitare SV: site visit; T: telephone; E: e-mail; D: dismantling; R: recycling processes; : unknown 3.2.2 Auctions In Colombia, public institutions have to sell their stocks via public auctions. Auctions are organized by one department inside the institution (e.g. inventory department as it is the case for the “Universidad Industrial de Santander”) or via financial entities authorized to organize public auctions. The main organizer of public auctions is the “Martillo del Banco Popular” which is present in 85 offices all around the country. It is very difficult to calculate how many computers were auctioned in 2009 because not only organizers cannot share their registers, but also it is rare to have lots exclusively with computers and they do not register the exact content of each lot. Most of the time lots contain others electronic and office equipments such as printers, machines, photocopiers, and even furniture. According to an employee of “Martillo del Banco Popular”, they organize around 4 to 5 public auctions per month with many 22
lots containing computers. Some of the lots can contain up to 50-100 computers (Gonzales, 2010). 3.2.3 Donation to social refurbishment “Computadores para Educar” (CPE) is the most successful refurbishment program with social aim in Latin America. It’s a governmental initiative launched in 2000 that refurbishes locally donated computers and distributes them to public schools all over the country. In 2009, CPE received around 20,000 computers in donation from all kind of users: public and private companies, international organizations, and natural persons. From this quantity, 17,845 computers were refurbished and sent to public schools all over Colombia. The computers that cannot be refurbished are sent to the CENARE, the “Centro Nacional de Aprovechamiento de Residuos Electrónicos”, a formal recycling facility receiving exclusively computer waste from CPE. The CENARE performs dismantling of computers and sorting of all materials. As they are a public entity, they have to sell all the materials and fractions recovered via public auctions. Nevertheless, contrarily to standard public auctions, CENARE request registers about the way of treatment of each fraction to each buyer. Then, metals are sold to chatarrerías or other intermediaries; PWBs and other electronic parts only to authorized processors; plastics to polymer recyclers; and for the moment CRT glass is being stockpiled. As CPE has refurbishment centers in three cities and CENARE is only located in Bogotá and has not enough capacity to treat all the computer waste generated by CPE, others auctions are organized in Cali and Medellín. These auctions are only addressed to authorized processors. 3.2.4 Disposal habits 3.2.4.1 Category 1: Households, Micro and small companies In 2009, households and small enterprises have given close to 25 tons 7 of PCs to the CPE refurbishment program and about 375 tons 8 of PCs to Lito Ltda (one of the 7 Calculated by the author with CPE data provided by Angel Camacho. 8 Calculated by the author with data supplied by the MAVDT. 23
Page 3 and 4: Abstract In Colombia, as in other d
Page 5 and 6: Glossary Chatarrerías - A term use
Page 7 and 8: 3.3.2 Informal refurbishment and r
Page 9: List of Tables Table 1: General inf
Page 12 and 13: 1.2 Colombia as case study The Repu
Page 14 and 15: (both laptop and desktop) in Colomb
Page 16 and 17: collection, refurbishment, manual d
Page 18 and 19: 2 METHODS 2.1 Computer waste genera
Page 20 and 21: Table 4: Parameters used for the co
Page 22 and 23: made. This means that from the tota
Page 24 and 25: 2.3.1 Definitions The following imp
Page 26 and 27: Table 7: Average composition and we
Page 28 and 29: M c ik = ˙ ik ˙ (9) F i The distr
Page 30 and 31: In 2009, waste of more recent techn
Page 34 and 35: iggest formal e-waste recycling com
Page 36 and 37: this study, the term “informal co
Page 38 and 39: A pilot project conducted in Bogot
Page 40 and 41: Figure 12: Manual dismantling of co
Page 42 and 43: city. Scrap metal dealers are then
Page 44 and 45: The direct MSW collection rate is t
Page 46 and 47: In the three scenarios, informally
Page 48 and 49: are mixed with common glass, or are
Page 50 and 51: entering the market are almost excl
Page 52 and 53: Non treated (low-grade PWBs) Formal
Page 54 and 55: Refurbish Formal treatment Worst ca
Page 56 and 57: introduction of an Advanced Recycli
Page 58 and 59: Table 15: Theoretical benefit from
Page 60 and 61: 3.5.1.3 Social benefits Allowing th
Page 62 and 63: 3.5.2.2 Environmental benefits Evid
Page 64 and 65: 4 FINAL REMARKS 4.1 Computer waste
Page 66 and 67: possible intervention points. There
Page 68 and 69: small metal parts that can be sold,
Page 70 and 71: 6 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to
Page 72 and 73: Gmünder S. (2007). Recycling - Fro
Page 74 and 75: Uribe L.M., Wolfensberger M. y Ott,
Page 76 and 77: Appendix A.2: List of expert interv
Page 78 and 79: Appendix B.1: Flow scheme for the
Page 80 and 81: Appendix C.2: Flow Matrix for the

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