10 07 29 Master thesis Juliana Leon - e-Waste. This guide

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6 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my gratitude to all those who have supported me in the completion of this thesis. Special thanks are given to: Professor Christian Ludwig and Heinz Böni for the supervision of this thesis. Daniel Ott for the supervision, guidance and useful inputs, as well as the revision of this document. Sandra Rodriguez for her assistance during the fieldwork and her engagement for my study. The CNPMLTA for the local support during my stay in Colombia, and specially Carlos Fernando Cadavid and Carlos Hernandez for the expertise provided. Angel Camacho for his valuable expertise, for sharing many useful data about Computadores para Educar, and for the interesting and informative visit to the CENARE. Juan Fernando Jaramillo for sharing information about his company. Recicladores and waste cooperatives for giving information about their labour, specially the ARB, RECIMED and COOPRESER. Laura G. Guzman and Jan P. Robra for the proofreading of the thesis. Furthermore, I would like to thank the following institutions for their financial support during my stay in Colombia: • “Ingénieurs du Monde” Association • EPFL • EMPA 60
7 REFERENCES ARB (2010). Personal communication with Silvio Ruiz Grisales from the Bogotá’s Association of waste pickers (ARB), Bogotá the 7 th May 2010. Blaser F. (2009). Gestión de Residuos Electrónicos en Colombia: Diagnóstico de Electrodomésticos y de aparatos electrónicos de consumo. Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research (EMPA). BMLFUW (2006). Verwertungsmöglichkeiten von Bildröhrenglas aus der Demontage von Elektroaltgeräten, Endbericht. Bundesministerium für Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Umwelt und Wasserwirtschaft, Wien. January 2006. Boeni H., Silva U. and Ott D. (2008) E-waste recycling in Latin America: Overview, Challenges and Potential. Proceedings article, Global Symposium on Recycling, Waste Treatment and Clean Technology, Cancun, Mexico. Brunner P.H. and Rechberger H. (2004). Practical handbook of material flow analysis. Boca Raton, FL, Lewis Publishers. Camacho A.E. (2010). Personal communication with Angel Eduardo Camacho from “Computadores para Educar” refurbishment programme (CPE), Bogotá the 7 th of May 2010. CCIT (2009) Impacto de la disminución del IVA en los PCs. Camara Colombiana de Informática y Telecomunicaciones, Bogotá. CIA Factbook (2010) https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/ CIM (2008) Estudio de hábitos de uso y manejo de aparatos y equipos electrónicos y sus partes. Study made by the Centro de Investigación de Mercados for the Universidad de los Andes. CNPMLTA and CPE (2010). Verbal communication during a meeting with Sandra Rodriguez and Carlos Hernandez (CNPMLTA), and Angel Camacho (CPE). 5 th of May 2010. DANE (2005) Censo General 2005. www.dane.gov.co DANE (2009) Indicadores básicos de Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación TIC. Boletín de prensa. Bogotá. http://www.dane.gov.co/files/investigaciones/boletines/tic/bol_tic_09.pdf EC (2002a) Directive 2002/95/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 January 2003 on the restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment (RoHS). EC (2002b) Directive 2002/96/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 January 2003 on waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE). Gerold A. (2009) Integrating the Informal Sector in Solid Waste Management Systems, Basics aspects and experiences. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ). 61
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Abstract In Colombia, as in other d
Page 5 and 6:
Glossary Chatarrerías - A term use
Page 7 and 8:
3.3.2 Informal refurbishment and r
Page 9:
List of Tables Table 1: General inf
Page 12 and 13:
1.2 Colombia as case study The Repu
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(both laptop and desktop) in Colomb
Page 16 and 17:
collection, refurbishment, manual d
Page 18 and 19:
2 METHODS 2.1 Computer waste genera
Page 20 and 21: Table 4: Parameters used for the co
Page 22 and 23: made. This means that from the tota
Page 24 and 25: 2.3.1 Definitions The following imp
Page 26 and 27: Table 7: Average composition and we
Page 28 and 29: M c ik = ˙ ik ˙ (9) F i The distr
Page 30 and 31: In 2009, waste of more recent techn
Page 32 and 33: 200 and 350 tons. Based on the latt
Page 34 and 35: iggest formal e-waste recycling com
Page 36 and 37: this study, the term “informal co
Page 38 and 39: A pilot project conducted in Bogot
Page 40 and 41: Figure 12: Manual dismantling of co
Page 42 and 43: city. Scrap metal dealers are then
Page 44 and 45: The direct MSW collection rate is t
Page 46 and 47: In the three scenarios, informally
Page 48 and 49: are mixed with common glass, or are
Page 50 and 51: entering the market are almost excl
Page 52 and 53: Non treated (low-grade PWBs) Formal
Page 54 and 55: Refurbish Formal treatment Worst ca
Page 56 and 57: introduction of an Advanced Recycli
Page 58 and 59: Table 15: Theoretical benefit from
Page 60 and 61: 3.5.1.3 Social benefits Allowing th
Page 62 and 63: 3.5.2.2 Environmental benefits Evid
Page 64 and 65: 4 FINAL REMARKS 4.1 Computer waste
Page 66 and 67: possible intervention points. There
Page 68 and 69: small metal parts that can be sold,
Page 72 and 73: Gmünder S. (2007). Recycling - Fro
Page 74 and 75: Uribe L.M., Wolfensberger M. y Ott,
Page 76 and 77: Appendix A.2: List of expert interv
Page 78 and 79: Appendix B.1: Flow scheme for the
Page 80 and 81: Appendix C.2: Flow Matrix for the
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