10 07 29 Master thesis Juliana Leon - e-Waste. This guide

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Uribe L.M., Wolfensberger M. y Ott, D. (2009) Manejo de los RAEE a través del sector informal en Medellín. Centro Nacional de Producción Más Limpia (CNPMLTA) and Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Testing and Research (EMPA). http://www.ewasteguide.info/Uribe_2009_Empa Uribe L.M., Rodriguez S.M., Hernández C.A., Ott D. (2010) Manejo de los RAEE a través des Sector Informal en Bogotá, Cali y Barranquilla. Centro Nacional de Producción Más Limpia (CNPMLTA) and Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Testing and Research (EMPA). http://raee.org.co/Manejo_RAEE_SectorInformal_BOG_CAL_BQL Wäger P., Böni H., Schluep M., Streicher M., Buser A. and Morf L. (2008) Verwertung von Kunststoffen aus Elektro- und Elektronikaltgeräten. Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research (EMPA). Wäger P., Böni H., Buser A., Morf L., Schluep M. and Streicher M. (2009). Recycling of plastics from Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) – Tentative results of a Swiss study. Proceedings article R'09 World Congress. Davos, Switzerland. Warren P. (2009) Organised crime targets waste recycling. The Guardian, 8.07.2009. http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2009/jul/08/recycling-electronic-waste-crime Widmer R., Oswald-Krapf H., Sinha-Khetriwal D., Schnellmann M. and Böni H. (2005). Global perspectives on e-waste. Environmental Impact Assessment Review 25(5): 436-458. Williams E., Bengtsson M., Hayashi S., Hotta Y., Kahhat R. and Totoki Y. (2010) The interface organization as a tool to redirect scrap circuit boards from informal to formal recycling. Submitted to Journal of Environmental Management. Wilson D.C., Velis C., Cheeseman Ch. (2006) Role of informal sector recycling in waste management developing countries. Habitat International 30: 797-808. Wolfensberger M. (2009) Manejo de residuos electrónicos a través del sector informal en Santiago de Chile. Plataforma RELAC/IDRC/SUR and Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research (EMPA). http://www.ewasteguide.info/Wolfensberger_2009_RELAC-Empa Wolfensberger M. (2010) El sector informal en la gestion de RAEE- Propuesta de un modelo de inclusión. Plataforma RELAC/IDRC/SUR and Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research (EMPA). Zumbuehl D. (2006) Mass Flow Assessment (MFA) and Assessment of recycling strategies for cathode ray tubes (CRTs) for the Cape Metropolitan Area (CMA), South Africa. Master thesis, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich (ETHZ) and Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research (EMPA). 64
8 APPENDIXES Appendix A.1: Summary of field visites Name of the Place City Description and collected data RECIMED COOPRESER ARB CI Metal Comercio Universidad Industrial de Santander El Bazar de los Puentes Plaza Minorista Sector La Paz Sector San Francisco – Quebradaseca San Andresito Centro, San Andresito La Isla, CC Gratamira Medellin Bucaramanga Bogotá Bucaramanga Bucaramanga Medellin Medellin Medellin Bucaramanga Bucaramanga Waste cooperative grouping recicladores (still informal workers) supported by the municipality and managing several warehouses in the city Waste cooperative working with formalized recicladores. Operates with trucks in residential sectors, owns a warehouse for sorting and preconditioning and contracts with big companies for the commercialization of the materials Association grouping several waste cooperatives from Bogotá and lobbying for the inclusion of recicladores in the municipal solid waste planning, having a contract for managing one municipal solid waste warehouse PWB classification, prices and informal-formal sector interface Behavior of a public institution, Information about public auctions Informal covered market. Many electronic repairing shops trading new and used electronic equipments and supplies. Some shops buy e-waste and particularly PWBs. Informal covered market. Many electronic repairing shops trading new and used electronic equipments and supplies. Informal refurbishment and dismantling is broadly practiced inside the building and on the neighboring streets. Trade of e-waste and dismantling practiced inside metal scrap depot or in the streets. People dismantling CRT-monitors in the streets. In this sector more than 20 chatarrerias and warehouses were accounted for out of which 7 were interviewed. They all operate in the same way: recicladores get e-waste from households, electronic malls or IT shops, they dismantle or bring them as a whole to the chatarrerías where they trade the valuable materials (boards, metal scrap, copper). Chatarrerías perform dismantling, sorting and accumulation of big quantities. No valuable materials are discarded in the street and collected by the MSW truck. When they have sufficient quantities, PWBs are sold to CI Metal Comercio, an associate of CI Recycables. They are then transported to Cartagena and exported. These three informal and semi-formal malls have special sections for the selling and reparation of electronic devices. They all have “contracts” with recicladores working in a place reserved in the basement for recovering all recyclable materials from the building. The recicladores are dismantling e-waste and selling valuable parts to chatarrerias in San Francisco sector. 65
Page 3 and 4:
Abstract In Colombia, as in other d
Page 5 and 6:
Glossary Chatarrerías - A term use
Page 7 and 8:
3.3.2 Informal refurbishment and r
Page 9:
List of Tables Table 1: General inf
Page 12 and 13:
1.2 Colombia as case study The Repu
Page 14 and 15:
(both laptop and desktop) in Colomb
Page 16 and 17:
collection, refurbishment, manual d
Page 18 and 19:
2 METHODS 2.1 Computer waste genera
Page 20 and 21:
Table 4: Parameters used for the co
Page 22 and 23:
made. This means that from the tota
Page 24 and 25: 2.3.1 Definitions The following imp
Page 26 and 27: Table 7: Average composition and we
Page 28 and 29: M c ik = ˙ ik ˙ (9) F i The distr
Page 30 and 31: In 2009, waste of more recent techn
Page 32 and 33: 200 and 350 tons. Based on the latt
Page 34 and 35: iggest formal e-waste recycling com
Page 36 and 37: this study, the term “informal co
Page 38 and 39: A pilot project conducted in Bogot
Page 40 and 41: Figure 12: Manual dismantling of co
Page 42 and 43: city. Scrap metal dealers are then
Page 44 and 45: The direct MSW collection rate is t
Page 46 and 47: In the three scenarios, informally
Page 48 and 49: are mixed with common glass, or are
Page 50 and 51: entering the market are almost excl
Page 52 and 53: Non treated (low-grade PWBs) Formal
Page 54 and 55: Refurbish Formal treatment Worst ca
Page 56 and 57: introduction of an Advanced Recycli
Page 58 and 59: Table 15: Theoretical benefit from
Page 60 and 61: 3.5.1.3 Social benefits Allowing th
Page 62 and 63: 3.5.2.2 Environmental benefits Evid
Page 64 and 65: 4 FINAL REMARKS 4.1 Computer waste
Page 66 and 67: possible intervention points. There
Page 68 and 69: small metal parts that can be sold,
Page 70 and 71: 6 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to
Page 72 and 73: Gmünder S. (2007). Recycling - Fro
Page 76 and 77: Appendix A.2: List of expert interv
Page 78 and 79: Appendix B.1: Flow scheme for the
Page 80 and 81: Appendix C.2: Flow Matrix for the
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