of Photonics Technologies: the European Perspective The Leverage Effect

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The Leverage Effect of Photonics Technologies: the European Perspective C.3 Scenario 2: Green Innovation This scenario depicts a setting where sustainability represents a major driver for innovation and technological development strongly supported by both governments and consumers. Energy efficiency, environmental protection and responsibility become important/ dominant competitive dimensions for industry supported by strong governmental regulations and standards (e.g. emission standards, limits on energy consumption etc.). Green innovation Demographic driving factors – Attention to the elderly – Normal population growth Economic driving factors – Significant access to financial capital – Limited open markets, limited SMEs – Limited but significant economic growth – Business strategy focusing on public funding – Relative strong HR – Coordination and cooperation is of importance – Limited globalized markets, due to governmental role Social driving factors – More focus on communities in stead of individuals – Limited attention to the user to information – Lifestyles focus on green innovations – Innovation in gadgest are less important Technological driving factors – Innovation oriented towards greening and nature, less to radical innovations in ICT – Room for radical innovations – Attention to infrastructural innovations Environmental driving factors – Strong attention to environmental footprint – Market focus for reduction of energy, limiting environmental impact – Significant, problems with resource scarcity Political driving factors – Strong involvement of politics to science and innovation – Focus of governmental funding to grand challenges – Governmental regulation is a driving foce: Green deal – Focus on cooperation on research on Grand challenges 182 / 190 Within this scenario society is generally risk averse and decisions are primarily governed by the precautionary principle. The acceptance of new technologies depends on their environmental impact / contribution and risk assessment. New technologies may also be perceived with some ambivalence as potentially providing an environmental solution, but also a possible environmental risk throughout their lifecycle. In regard to the three dimensions of environmental sustainability, economic sustainability and socio-political sustainability, the environmental component tends to drive the others (e.g. “green jobs” and improvements in quality of life). Regulations also affect products that are not related directly to environmental issues, e.g. computer games that may promote violence, cars that may unnecessarily endanger people or food that may have negative health effects.
The Leverage Effect of Photonics Technologies: the European Perspective In order to be realized, this scenario requires a degree of economic prosperity and good access to human and natural resources. In contrast to the Emergency scenario below, the immediate general environmental conditions are not alarming, but there is considerable societal and governmental concern that they may worsen if no action is taken to ensure environmental protection. C.4 Scenario 3: Budget Society The “budget society” derives from a sustained poor economic situation shaped by the necessity to cut costs and reduce spending by governments, industries and individuals. Within this scenario, industries can have difficulties in obtaining sufficient financial resources (e.g. loans or governmental support), their innovation capacities decrease and they are forced to rationalize with workforce reductions and reduced new product development. This, together with underlying increases in health and pension costs put further stress on social insurance systems (unemployment benefits, welfare benefits). Budget society Demographic driving factors – Limited attention to the elderly – Stable population – Stronger shift towards cities Economic driving factors – Open markets, highly competitive on price, many SMEs – No, or negative economic growth – Business strategy on cost reduction and incremental innovations – Problems with finding good personnel – Limited cooperation, but consolidation of firms Social driving factors – Focus on individuality – Limited attention of the user for innovations in general: No real innovations – Markets have niche character, aligned with commodity products Technological driving factors – Limited inventions and new research – Room for incremental innovations – No significant attention to infrastructural improvements Environmental driving factors – Limited problems with resource scarcity – Environmental impact limited problem – Climate change is not a big issue Political driving factors – Open markets for company access – Limited globalization – Limited governmental stimulation towards radical innovations – No attention to grand challenges, more fragmented approach 183 / 190
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