of Photonics Technologies: the European Perspective The Leverage Effect

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The Leverage Effect of Photonics Technologies: the European Perspective ronmental impacts are also possible where efficiency is not directly impacted e.g. surveillance. Also the preventive nature of e.g. healthcare systems is an example of the complexity of this assessment; the indirect reduction of energy consumption of “prevented patients” counteracts the direct additional energy consumption of diagnosis and treatment. An estimation of the overall impact of scanning, sensing & imaging on climate change is therefore complex, frequently requiring the comparison of direct and indirect impact. However, a strict policy to encourage energy efficiency is in order. ■ “Pros and cons” to waste production Photonic scanning devices vary significantly in lifetime. Complex medical scanning systems have a long lifetime and a consumer camera can even be a throwaway device. All scanning and sensing systems include electronics and therefore are accompanied by complex waste disposal and recycling issues. Although there are many initiatives to enhance recycling and reduce waste, introduction of new devices will lead to additional waste. In the enabled manufacturing industries, the opposite trends can be seen. Scanning, sensing and imaging is used for quality improvement and more miniaturized production (processes and final products). A reduction of waste can be expected here. Scanning, sensing and imaging will have high social impact. In the previous sections it has been made clear that many address societal issues. The assessment of social impact will be made on health, safety & security, the working & living environment and employment: ■ Improved health It is obvious that one of the major societal impacts can be found in the domain of health. New scanning systems will facilitate the increase of quality of healthcare and cure. Prevention or early diagnostics of diseases are facilitated, as well as enhanced treatment. It is to be expected that innovations in the field can be radical, introducing new diagnostics systems, but also new ways to efficiently and effectively analyse biopsies, blood samples and even genetic structures. 44 / 190 ■ Improved safety and security Scanning, sensing and imaging will play an important role in the further increase of security of people, by enhanced security scanning at
The Leverage Effect of Photonics Technologies: the European Perspective airports and other public and private locations (surveillance and scanning of goods and persons). Both enhanced quality and reduced costs will lead to better detection of potential security risks. This technology area plays a crucial role. Also safety systems for cars will be further developed, preventing accidents and reducing congestion. ■ Enhanced quality of the working and living environment Already, sensory systems are in place to detect environmental hazards. New developments in scanning and sensing will increase the quality of this environmental monitoring, both in the living and working environment. Both cost reduction, miniaturisation and sensor system integration will enhance usability and quality of the information collected. Next to reduction in environmental risks, the quality of the working environment will be improved by further automation due to imaging enhanced robotic systems. These systems will also facilitate adjusting the working environment to the elderly. ■ Increasing employment Overall, all studies analysed show that almost all fields in scanning, sensing and imaging are growth markets. This will also be accompanied by an increase of employment. As the predicted economic growth is over 10%, employment in photonics research and industry will also be significant. Scanning, sensing and imaging The main conclusions for the economic, environmental and social impacts are: ● Overall economic impact is positive, mainly due to the enhanced competitiveness and creation of new products for new markets. ● The environmental impact is a complex issue, where reduction of impact due to reduced energy consumption and miniaturisation are counteracted by rebound effects. ● There is a positive social impact to be expected. New and enhanced products will be beneficial to healthcare, security and working environments and create new jobs. 45 / 190
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