of Photonics Technologies: the European Perspective The Leverage Effect

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The Leverage Effect of Photonics Technologies: the European Perspective creates a strength because of existing networks between research, industry, consumers and governments. ■ Europe has strengths in space frame construction techniques used in the automotive industry that are directly relevant to concentrator PV manufacture. ■ The presence of so-called FIT policy (feed in tariffs) is providing an efficient policy that stimulates further development and implementation. ■ Europe has strong export relationships with high solar nations (e.g. North Africa). The weaknesses of European research and industry in the field of photonics energy systems are the following: ■ The actual financial feasibility of photonic energy systems is highly dependent on governmental policy. If this policy changes, the European market can collapse. ■ There is a strong concentration of European industry in Germany, which can jeopardize commitment of the European Union and supporting policy. There are also various external opportunities to the European research and industry in the field of photonic energy systems: ■ Although PV has been used in niche application for over 30 years it has only recently become a volume mass market with many new emerging product and process technologies creating opportunities to get involved. ■ Public opinion toward photonic energy systems is positive and within the present institutional setting public demand is clear and positive. ■ As greening of the industry is core in many national and European policies (the green deal), this provides a strong momentum for the further development of photonic energy systems (research and industry). ■ Pressure on the availability of fossil fuels is leading to an increase in the overall energy price. This allows the further development of cost efficient photonic energy systems. Trends show that further cost reduction and increase in energy efficiency is to be expected. There are also various external threats to the European research and industry in the field of photonic energy systems: 86 / 190 ■ As the financial position of many governments is under pressure, the
The Leverage Effect of Photonics Technologies: the European Perspective supporting policies for implementation of photonic energy systems are expected to be reduced. This will significantly lower demand for these systems. ■ Large Chinese initiatives to develop and implement photonic energy systems can create a low cost research and manufacturing that will establish an even stronger position, which will relatively weaken the position of Europe. ■ Various worldwide initiatives are now surfacing, e.g. in developing countries. These can provide even more momentum to the development of more efficient and lower cost systems. The conclusion is that the value chain on photonic energy systems is highly dynamic and still in its infancy with significant further development to emerge. However, the future is highly uncertain and with significant risks. Photonic energy systems: a SWOT analysis for Europe Strengths ● EU has several multinationals major players at the global market ● EU research is strong in several crucial areas, although it is still an upcoming area ● Research is somewhat unevenly distributed along Europe ● The connection between research and industry is good in Europe ● EU policy in the field is highly stimulating applications Opportunities ● Political pressure on sustainable energy generation is stimulating production ● Cost of production is decreasing substantially, creating new market applications ● Pressure on availability of fossil fuels, including the oil price, is enhancing economic feasibility Weaknesses ● Dependency on governmental regulation for economic feasibility is crucial ● Dominance of German industry in Europe might weaken support from other EU countries Threats ● The weak financial position of several countries is putting their policy under pressure ● Large Chinese initiatives in this area are reducing the strong EU position ● Economy of scale because of full market development can increase competitiveness 87 / 190
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