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2 Dr. John Coleman<br />

financiers were stationed in key locations, -- and at <strong>the</strong> head of<br />

international financing around <strong>the</strong> world stood <strong>the</strong> Rothschilds<br />

and <strong>the</strong>ir associated banking houses. In France it was Rothschild,<br />

Fould, Camondo, Pereira and Bischoffheim; in Germany,<br />

Rothschild, Warschauer, Mendelssohn, Bleichroder; in England,<br />

Sassoon, Stern, Rothschild and Montague; ~ in <strong>the</strong> Far East it was<br />

Sassoon; in Russia it was Gunzburg; in <strong>the</strong> United States it was<br />

J.P. Morgan, Kuhn Loeb and Co., Seligman and Co., Speyer and<br />

Co., Warburg and Lazard Freres.<br />

Above all, dwarfing and overshadowing <strong>the</strong>m was <strong>the</strong><br />

House of Rothschild. Critics of <strong>the</strong> Rothschilds say that Morgan<br />

and Kuhn Loeb were merely fronts for <strong>the</strong> Rothschilds, and that<br />

all of <strong>the</strong> famous banking houses were affiliated with <strong>the</strong><br />

Rothschild banks.<br />

These banking houses wea<strong>the</strong>red many storms due to<br />

<strong>the</strong>ir cautious approach to speculation and <strong>the</strong>ir close bro<strong>the</strong>rhood<br />

and kinship to <strong>the</strong> Rothschilds and each o<strong>the</strong>r. The founder of <strong>the</strong><br />

House of Rothschild was Mayer Anselm Bauer (Rothschild), <strong>the</strong><br />

son of Anselm Moses Bauer, a merchant of Frankfurt. The fa<strong>the</strong>r<br />

sold new and used goods and old coins, and did pawn broking<br />

under <strong>the</strong> sign of a red shield, from which <strong>the</strong> name Rothschild,<br />

German language for red shield, evolved. Rothschild became <strong>the</strong>ir<br />

adopted and official family name. The business was located on<br />

Judenstrasse, quite literally "Jew Street" in a ghetto in Frankfurt,<br />

numbering about 550 families.<br />

Mayer Amschel (Rothschild) was born in 1743. The<br />

family had been in Frankfurt for generations, indeed <strong>the</strong>re is a<br />

record in <strong>the</strong> British Museum that <strong>the</strong>y dated back to <strong>the</strong><br />

beginning of <strong>the</strong> 16 th century. By <strong>the</strong> 18 th century <strong>the</strong>y were quite<br />

a large group.<br />

I identified twenty antecedents of Mayer Amschel, <strong>the</strong><br />

eldest of three sons whose parents were in <strong>the</strong> business of dealing<br />

in money, both buying and selling, in which he assisted from <strong>the</strong><br />

age of ten. The small business was really a

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