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70 Dr. John Coleman<br />

In November 1831, a large scale insurrection of workers<br />

at Lyons was put down with difficulty. There followed a<br />

rapid spread of secret societies. Under <strong>the</strong> regime of press<br />

freedom <strong>the</strong> king was unsparingly attacked and in <strong>the</strong><br />

radical newspapers mercilessly caricatured, notably by<br />

Honorare Daumire. In 1834 <strong>the</strong>re were great revolts in<br />

Paris and Lyons, which were suppressed with great<br />

severity. In 1845, <strong>the</strong> radical Fieschi attempted to<br />

assassinate Louis Philippe, but <strong>the</strong> attempt did not<br />

succeed. Thereafter, in 1836, <strong>the</strong> king established a<br />

government run by his personal friend Colonel Louis<br />

Mole with <strong>the</strong> Right Center leadership Guizot; but he<br />

joined forces with <strong>the</strong> Left Center Party and overthrew<br />

Mole. (The Untold History, John Reeves)<br />

To continue with The Untold History:<br />

Revolutionary activities prior to 1848 had sent men like<br />

Karl Marx and Frederick Engels, Louis Napoleon<br />

Bonaparte into exile from <strong>the</strong> Continent. England had<br />

been <strong>the</strong>ir haven. In 1848 <strong>the</strong>y had returned to <strong>the</strong><br />

Continent to participate in <strong>the</strong> Revolutions. On February<br />

24, 1848, <strong>the</strong> Charter and constitution and parliamentary<br />

rule seemed to come to an abrupt halt.<br />

In all of Paris I did not see one member of <strong>the</strong> militia, one<br />

soldier, one gendarme, or one member of <strong>the</strong> police.<br />

Meanwhile sheer terror gripped all upper classes. I don't<br />

believe that any time during <strong>the</strong> Revolution (1789-94) it<br />

was quite so great. (Victor Hugo, Choses vues, page 268)<br />

James stayed on for a few days and was observed by<br />

Feydeau, one of <strong>the</strong> members of <strong>the</strong> National Guard:

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