Islam and the West: Annual Report on the State of Dialogue

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Figure 8.5 Visibility <strong>and</strong> tone of main education <strong>and</strong> intercultural underst<strong>and</strong>ing topics Liturgy Prayer Religious practice Religious rules/laws Conflicts within religious sects Negative Neutral Positive 0% 25% 50% 75% 100% Percent of statements Table 8.1 Most visible religious <strong>and</strong> secular protagonists Religion Percent of reporting <strong>Islam</strong> 56.0% Subdivision Percent within reporting on <strong>Islam</strong> <strong>Islam</strong> in general 90.7% Shiite 6.0% Sunni 4.0% Ismaelite 37.0% Sufi 3.0% Christianity 37.0% Subdivision Percent within reporting on Christianity Christianity in general 46.0% Roman Catholicism 45.0% Anglican 2.6% Protestantism 2.4% Evangelical 0.9% Russian Orthodox 0.7% Mormonism 0.6% Methodist 0.3% Lu<strong>the</strong>ran 0.3% Scientology 0.1% Presbyterian 0.1% Baptist 0.1% Figure 8.6 Tone of reporting on most visible protagonists Non-Muslim majority countries Muslim majority countries <strong>Islam</strong> Christianity Judaism O<strong>the</strong>r religions Negative Neutral Positive 0% 25% 50% 75% 100% Percent of statements Religion Percent of reporting Judaism 4.2% Subdivision Percent within reporting on Judaism Judaism in general 56.0% Orthodox Judaism 31.9% Zionism 10.3% Conservative Judaism 1.7% Liberal Judaism 0.20% O<strong>the</strong>r religions 1.3% Subdivision Percent within reporting on o<strong>the</strong>r religions Buddhism 44.6% Hinduism 10.6% Orthodoxy, o<strong>the</strong>r 9.7% Sikhism 2.9% Satanism 2.0% Shinto 1.8% Traditional African Religions 1.7 % Secular Ideologies 0.9% Subdivision Percent within reporting on secular ideologies Communism 38.0% Secularism in general 27.9% Socialism 14.7% A<strong>the</strong>ism 14.3% Secular Judaism 2.7% Individualism 1.5% Liberalism 0.4% Nationalism 0.3% <strong>Islam</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>West</strong>: <strong>Annual</strong> <strong>Report</strong> on <strong>the</strong> State of Dialogue Media Coverage 107
<strong>Islam</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>West</strong>: <strong>Annual</strong> <strong>Report</strong> on <strong>the</strong> State of Dialogue 108 Media Coverage The abundance of reporting on protagonists from Muslim majority countries can be attributed primarily to <strong>the</strong> fact that journalists from <strong>the</strong> Muslim world produced most of <strong>the</strong> reporting on Muslim-<strong>West</strong> issues <strong>and</strong> covered <strong>the</strong>m more heavily. In <strong>the</strong> 12 Muslim majority countries analysed, actors identified with Muslim majority countries were <strong>the</strong> focus of 56.2% of statements, while actors identified with countries outside <strong>the</strong> Muslim world were <strong>the</strong> focus of 28.3% of statements. Conversely, journalists in non- Muslim majority countries focused more on actors outside <strong>the</strong> Muslim world. Most of <strong>the</strong>se protagonists were American or Israeli (76.3%). Protagonists from Muslim majority countries were covered <strong>the</strong> most negatively of <strong>the</strong> top five protagonists (overall rating 31.1% negative statements, Figure 8.6), followed by protagonists from countries outside <strong>the</strong> Muslim world (26.9%). In nearly 85% of coverage <strong>the</strong>se protagonists were involved in political or military activities. Protagonists explicitly identified with ei<strong>the</strong>r a religious or secular ideology were present in 23.3% of all <strong>the</strong> media coverage of Muslim- <strong>West</strong> issues analysed. Within this coverage, 56% of statements involved protagonists representing various <strong>Islam</strong>ic groups. Christians were covered <strong>the</strong> most neutrally of all protagonists, with 6.7% negative statements. But <strong>the</strong>y only received a high volume of reporting in media outlets outside <strong>the</strong> Muslim world, which devoted 11.6% of <strong>the</strong>ir coverage to <strong>the</strong>m. Media from Muslim majority countries devoted less than 1% of <strong>the</strong>ir coverage to Christians, nearly half of which focused on Catholics. Media outlets outside <strong>the</strong> Muslim world provided most of <strong>the</strong> coverage of Jewish protagonists (86%) <strong>and</strong> covered <strong>the</strong>m with a significantly more neutral tone, with 6.1% negative statements in non-Muslim majority countries as opposed to 44.5% negative statements in Muslim majority countries. This was <strong>the</strong> largest difference in tone in any of <strong>the</strong> major protagonists. Although not covered heavily, protagonists representing secular ideologies were covered particuarly negatively in Muslim majority countries, rating 41.4% negative statements. They were covered with a rating of 26.3% negative statements outside <strong>the</strong> Muslim world. Whereas most religious protagonists were depicted involved in religious activities in most coverage (75% of statements), <strong>Islam</strong>ic protagonists were more often depicted involved in political or military activities (55%). Journalists depicted <strong>Islam</strong>ic protagonists engaged in religious activities in only 23 % of statements. In media outlets within <strong>the</strong> Muslim world, journalists were more likely to present Muslims engaged in political activities (29.7% of statements). In media outside <strong>the</strong> Muslim world, journalists presented Muslims involved in militant activities (36.1% of statements). Media from both areas presented Muslims engaged in religious activities with about <strong>the</strong> same frequency. The fundamentalist perspective was most visible in media reporting on Muslims, with 12% of statements, compared with an average of 1% of statements involving o<strong>the</strong>r religious protagonists. Partially as a result of <strong>the</strong>se perspectives, <strong>the</strong> overall tone towards <strong>Islam</strong>ic protagonists was more negative (overall rating 24.5% negative statements) than that which was communicated toward Jewish (9.5%) <strong>and</strong> Christian (6.7%) protagonists. US President George W. Bush was <strong>the</strong> single most heavily covered protagonist in all <strong>the</strong> coverage of Muslim-<strong>West</strong> issues. (Figure 8.7) Like most religious <strong>and</strong> political leaders who
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Contents Letter of Introduction 4 P
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Introduction 1Introduction Muslim-<
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