Vascular Plant and Vertebrate Inventory of Saguaro ... - USGS

More documents

Recommendations

Info

near intensive plots, but most were in areas we thought would have high species richness, species of special interest, or species suspected to be in the district that had not previously been recorded (e.g., the rock rattlesnake). Extensive surveys were more flexible and allowed for variation in survey time and area. For road and extensive surveys, we surveyed in evenings and nights to detect species with restricted activity periods (Ivanyi et al. 2000). Although we designed methods to detect both amphibians and reptiles, we detected fewer amphibians because they have more limited activity periods and are often restricted to aquatic environments, which are rare in the district. Intensive Surveys Field Methods At focal-point transects (hereafter “transects”) in 2001, we used plot-based visual encounter surveys constrained by time and area (Crump and Scott 1994) along 17 transects (Figs. 4.1, 4.2). Along each transect we surveyed within the confines of three 1-ha (100 x 100 m) subplots during spring (9 April - 24 May) or two subplots during the summer monsoon (18–31 July) and searched each subplot for one hour. We surveyed only two subplots in summer because there was not sufficient time during peak activity periods to search all three subplots. Although Focal Point Transect line 1000 m 28 we surveyed all 17 transects in spring only seven transects were surveyed in summer and these were located only in low (n = 3) and middle (n = 4) elevation strata. We selected survey times that coincided with periods of peak diurnal reptile activity because activity levels vary with temperature (Rosen 2000). On cooler spring days we began our surveys between 0718 and 1421 hours whereas on hotter, summer days we began between 0642 and 1014 hours. To account for within-day variation in detectability and to reduce variation among observers, we surveyed each subplot twice per day by a different observer. We did not survey during evenings or nights. We searched subplots visually and aurally and worked systematically across each subplot and used a Garmin E-map GPS to ensure we stayed within subplot boundaries during surveys. We also looked under rocks and litter and used a mirror to illuminate cracks and crevices. For each animal detected, we recorded species, sex and age/size class (if known), and microhabitat (ground, vegetation, rock, edifice, burrow, or water). We marked subplot corners with rubbercapped stakes and recorded UTM coordinates with a Trimble GPS. We recorded temperature, wind speed (km/h), percent relative humidity, and percent cloud cover using hand-held Kestrel 3000 weather meters (Nielson-Kellerman Inc., Boothwyn, PA) before and after surveys. We also described vegetation and soils. Plot Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Figure 4.1. Layout of herpetofauna survey plots along focal-point transects, Saguaro National Park, Rincon Mountain District, 2001. We typically surveyed three, 100 x 100 m subplots (dotted boxes) in the spring and two subplots (1 and 10) in the summer. When topography prevented surveys in a subplot, we surveyed an adjacent subplot. 100 m 100 m
Figure 4.2. Locations of intensive and extensive survey sites for herpetofauna, Saguaro National Park, Rincon Mountain District, 2001 and 2002. Table 4.2. Herpetofaunal survey effort by year, Saguaro National Park, Rincon Mountain District, 2001 and 2002. 2001 2002 No. of samples Method Elevation range (m) (subsamples) a Survey No. of samples hours (subsamples) a Survey hours Intensive survey 936 – 2,560 17(51) 131.0 Extensive survey – random 850 – 2,119 22 88.0 Extensive survey – non-random 818 – 2,634 58 359.2 5 18.0 Road survey 53 45.8 2 0.5 a No. of subsamples for random surveys equals number of subplots per focal-point transect for intensive surveys, number of survey areas for extensive surveys. 29
Page 1: Powell, Halvorson, Schmidt Vascular
Page 4 and 5: U.S. Department of the Interior DIR
Page 7 and 8: Table of Contents Report Dedication
Page 9 and 10: Table 5.8. Number of breeding behav
Page 11 and 12: Figure 6.5. Locations of non-random
Page 13 and 14: Report Dedication Eric Wells Albrec
Page 15 and 16: Acknowledgements Thanks to Saguaro
Page 17 and 18: Executive Summary This report summa
Page 19 and 20: Chapter 1: Introduction to the Inve
Page 21 and 22: them out. This information, in conj
Page 23 and 24: communities and is especially usefu
Page 25 and 26: Chapter 2: Park Overview Brian F. P
Page 27 and 28: Figure 2.2. Aerial photograph showi
Page 29 and 30: Figure 2.4. Diagram of the major ve
Page 31: Non-native Species and Changes to V
Page 34 and 35: General Botanizing Methods We colle
Page 36 and 37: Figure 3.3. Locations of modified-W
Page 38 and 39: Focal-points: General Patterns We f
Page 40 and 41: Percent 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Plant
Page 42 and 43: well (Swantek et al. 1999). The mos
Page 45: Chapter 4: Amphibian and Reptile In
Page 49 and 50: features. We based extensive survey
Page 51 and 52: B). Reptilian species included two
Page 53 and 54: Table 4.6. Relative abundance (mean
Page 57 and 58: Cumulative number of species 50 40
Page 59 and 60: elevation range of the district all
Page 61: in recent years due to sedimentatio
Page 64 and 65: Spatial Sampling Designs We establi
Page 66 and 67: Figure 5.2. Location of section bre
Page 68 and 69: the relative abundance by repeat-vi
Page 70 and 71: Analysis We report relative abundan
Page 72 and 73: with some pine trees, mostly pinyon
Page 74 and 75: Riparian Sonoran Desertscrub Oak Pi
Page 76 and 77: Table 5.5. Mean relative abundance
Page 80 and 81: Nest Adults carrying objects Other
Page 82 and 83: Cumulative number of species Cumula
Page 84 and 85: can impact other native plant and v
Page 87 and 88: Chapter 6: Mammal Inventory Don E.
Page 89 and 90: Figure 6.3. Locations of random (fo
Page 91 and 92: calculated relative abundance by pl
Page 93 and 94: Figure 6.5. Locations of non-random
Page 95 and 96: (2) Receiver triggers camera to tak
Page 97 and 98:
Excluding the results for the white
Page 99 and 100:
Table 6.5. Number of photographs of
Page 101 and 102:
Cumulative number of species Cumula
Page 103 and 104:
point out that the pond at Manning
Page 105 and 106:
There is some suggestion that popul
Page 107 and 108:
Chapter 7: Literature Cited Albrech
Page 109 and 110:
Davis, R., and C. Dunford. 1987. An
Page 111 and 112:
Kirkpatrick, C., C. J. Conway, and
Page 113 and 114:
Rice, J., B. W. Anderson, and R. D.
Page 115:
orderlands. Pp. 15-16. In effects o
Page 118 and 119:
100 Family Scientific name Common n
Page 120 and 121:
Page 122 and 123:
Page 124 and 125:
Page 126 and 127:
Page 128 and 129:
Page 130 and 131:
Page 132 and 133:
Page 134 and 135:
Page 136 and 137:
Page 138 and 139:
Page 140 and 141:
Page 142 and 143:
Page 144 and 145:
Page 146 and 147:
Page 148 and 149:
130 Order Voucher Specimen (S), Fam
Page 150 and 151:
132 UA survey type Survey or specie
Page 152 and 153:
Page 154 and 155:
Page 156 and 157:
138 Survey type Documentation type
Page 158 and 159:
Voucher Collection type Taxon Speci
Page 160 and 161:
Appendix F. List of existing vouche
Page 162 and 163:
Taxon Common name Collectiona Colle
Page 164 and 165:
Appendix G. Mean frequency of detec
Page 166 and 167:
Species Total transects observed Lo
Page 168 and 169:
Oak Savannah Pine-oak Woodland Coni
Page 170 and 171:
Appendix I. Details of small-mammal
Page 172 and 173:
Random or Camera Number of Number o
Page 174:
156
show all

Vascular Plant and Vertebrate Inventory of Saguaro ... - USGS

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?