Vascular Plant and Vertebrate Inventory of Saguaro ... - USGS

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Nest Adults carrying objects Other 62 Discussion Recently fledged young Totals With With Occu- Nesting Distraction Feeding recently Species verdin bushtit white-breasted nuthatch pygmy nuthatch cactus wren rock wren canyon wren Bewick’s wren house wren blue-gray gnatcatcher black-tailed gnatcatcher western bluebird hermit thrush American robin northern mockingbird curve-billed thrasher phainopepla Virginia’s warbler Lucy’s warbler yellow-rumped warbler black-throated gray warbler Grace’s warbler red-faced warbler painted redstart hepatic tanager summer tanager western tanager spotted towhee canyon towhee Abert’s towhee rufous-winged sparrow rufous-crowned sparrow black-chinned sparrow black-throated sparrow yellow-eyed junco northern cardinal pyrrhuloxia blue grosbeak brown-headed cowbird Scott’s oriole house finch Building 1 1 1 1 2 eggs 3 1 1 2 2 1 1 young 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 pied 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 Food 1 1 3 1 1 3 4 1 2 1 1 1 3 1 3 3 4 1 material 1 1 1 1 displays 1 fledged young 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 3 1 2 1 5 2 1 8 1 1 7 4 13 7 4 2 1 6 2 2 2 3 4 1 6 2 5 3 3 1 1 1 8 2 5 7 4 6 5 6 2 3 1 4 13 3 2 1 11 9 15 14 6 1 1 2 3 2 hummingbird (Hylocharis leucotis), blue-throated hummingbird (Lampornis clemenciae), golden-crowned kinglet (Regulus satrapa), Townsend’s solitaire (Myadestes townsendi), flame-colored tanager (Piranga bidentata), red crossbill (Loxia curvirostra), and evening grosbeak (Coccothraustes vespertinus). The district will likely gain some nesting species in the coming few years. For example, one non-native species, the Eurasian collareddove (Streptopelia decaocto) has recently established breeding populations in the region (Corman and Wise-Gervais 2005). The bird community in the Rincon Mountain District of Saguaro National Park is diverse and is a function of the many biotic communities present in the Rincon Mountains, from Sonoran Desertscrub to Conifer Forest. Vegetation responds to the extreme differences in elevation, soils, and rainfall (see Chapter 3), and vegetation is one of the most important predictors of bird community structure (James 1971). This relationship is supported by the results of our inventory; the 23 repeat-visit VCP transects were classified into five distinct communities (Fig. 5.3). Important vegetation characteristics
Cumulative number of species 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 0 10 20 30 40 50 Sample period Figure 5.4. Species accumulation curve for all survey methods for birds, Saguaro National Park, Rincon Mountain District, 2001 and 2002. Each sample period is a randomized combination of approximately 250 observations. that consistently predict occurrence of bird species include vertical structure (MacArthur and MacArthur 1961, Cody 1981), horizontal patchiness (heterogeneity; Roth 1976, Kotliar and Weins 1990), and floristics (Rice et al. 1984, Strong and Bock 1990). To even the most casual observer, there are extreme changes in all of the characteristics from the valley floor to the highest points of the Rincon Mountains. This pattern of vegetation change across altitude and aspect is typical of the “sky island” mountain ranges of southern Arizona and adjacent Mexico (e.g., Whittaker and Niering 1965). Although the district contains a number of biotic communities that are characteristic of the sky island mountains, it shares one of the biogeographic traits with the herpetofauna community: it is not as species rich as the sky island ranges to the south. In particular, ranges in the U.S., such as the Chiricahua (Taylor 1997) and Huachuca mountains regularly host breeding species that have strictly Madrean distributions including the Lucifer (Calothorax lucifer), Berylline (Amazilia beryllina), and violet- 63 crowned (Amazilia violiceps) hummingbirds, eared trogon (Euptilotis neoxenus), Mexican chickadee (Poecile sclateri), and flame-colored tanager (Piranga bidentata), to name a few. Although it likely that some of these species (e.g., blue-throated hummingbird [Lampornis clemenciae]) occasionally appear in the Rincon Mountains (see Inventory Completeness), our surveys provide further evidence that these species do not regularly occur there. Two species that reach their northern breeding distribution in the district (or nearby mountain ranges) are the buff-breasted flycatcher and sulphur-bellied flycatcher. We found the first confirmation of breeding for the sulphur-bellied flycatcher in the district, and the buff-breasted flycatcher may breed there occasionally. A third Madrean species, the elegant trogon, may also occasionally breed in the Rincon Mountains, but there has been no confirmation of this. An important resource for birds in the district is the riparian corridor along Rincon Creek, which had higher species richness than any other area in the district (Appendix G).
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Powell, Halvorson, Schmidt Vascular
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U.S. Department of the Interior DIR
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Table of Contents Report Dedication
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Table 5.8. Number of breeding behav
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Figure 6.5. Locations of non-random
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Report Dedication Eric Wells Albrec
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Acknowledgements Thanks to Saguaro
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Executive Summary This report summa
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Chapter 1: Introduction to the Inve
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them out. This information, in conj
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communities and is especially usefu
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Chapter 2: Park Overview Brian F. P
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Figure 2.2. Aerial photograph showi
Page 29 and 30: Figure 2.4. Diagram of the major ve
Page 31: Non-native Species and Changes to V
Page 34 and 35: General Botanizing Methods We colle
Page 36 and 37: Figure 3.3. Locations of modified-W
Page 38 and 39: Focal-points: General Patterns We f
Page 40 and 41: Percent 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Plant
Page 42 and 43: well (Swantek et al. 1999). The mos
Page 45 and 46: Chapter 4: Amphibian and Reptile In
Page 47 and 48: Figure 4.2. Locations of intensive
Page 49 and 50: features. We based extensive survey
Page 51 and 52: B). Reptilian species included two
Page 53 and 54: Table 4.6. Relative abundance (mean
Page 57 and 58: Cumulative number of species 50 40
Page 59 and 60: elevation range of the district all
Page 61: in recent years due to sedimentatio
Page 64 and 65: Spatial Sampling Designs We establi
Page 66 and 67: Figure 5.2. Location of section bre
Page 68 and 69: the relative abundance by repeat-vi
Page 70 and 71: Analysis We report relative abundan
Page 72 and 73: with some pine trees, mostly pinyon
Page 74 and 75: Riparian Sonoran Desertscrub Oak Pi
Page 76 and 77: Table 5.5. Mean relative abundance
Page 82 and 83: Cumulative number of species Cumula
Page 84 and 85: can impact other native plant and v
Page 87 and 88: Chapter 6: Mammal Inventory Don E.
Page 89 and 90: Figure 6.3. Locations of random (fo
Page 91 and 92: calculated relative abundance by pl
Page 93 and 94: Figure 6.5. Locations of non-random
Page 95 and 96: (2) Receiver triggers camera to tak
Page 97 and 98: Excluding the results for the white
Page 99 and 100: Table 6.5. Number of photographs of
Page 101 and 102: Cumulative number of species Cumula
Page 103 and 104: point out that the pond at Manning
Page 105 and 106: There is some suggestion that popul
Page 107 and 108: Chapter 7: Literature Cited Albrech
Page 109 and 110: Davis, R., and C. Dunford. 1987. An
Page 111 and 112: Kirkpatrick, C., C. J. Conway, and
Page 113 and 114: Rice, J., B. W. Anderson, and R. D.
Page 115: orderlands. Pp. 15-16. In effects o
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112 Family Scientific name Common n
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130 Order Voucher Specimen (S), Fam
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132 UA survey type Survey or specie
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138 Survey type Documentation type
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Voucher Collection type Taxon Speci
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Appendix F. List of existing vouche
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Taxon Common name Collectiona Colle
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Appendix G. Mean frequency of detec
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Species Total transects observed Lo
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Oak Savannah Pine-oak Woodland Coni
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Appendix I. Details of small-mammal
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Random or Camera Number of Number o
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