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Nodulation score3.5A3.02.52.01.51.00.5No MoWith Mo0Tanor Nachole Gomostapur Porsha ShapaharSiteGrain yield (t ha –1 )1.00.90.80.70.60.50.40.30.20.10BNo MoWith MoTanor Nachole Gomostapur Porsha ShapaharSiteFig. 5. Effect on the nodulation (A) and grain yield (B) of chickpea of adding molybdenumto the priming water at five sites in the High Barind Tract of Bangladesh. Data from farmerimplementedpaired-plot trials in the 2004-05 season.Integrated pest management means many things to many people but is oftensynonymous with integrated crop management (ICM) or best agronomic practice. Forinstance, the IPM package advocated for chickpea by Pande et al (2002) in Nepal is acomprehensive, best practice approach that includes the use of chemical seed dressingsand fertilizers and alleviation of micronutrient deficiencies (boron). The approach isentirely appropriate in areas with a high production potential. In the HBT, however,we have focused on easily-adoptable technologies from which farmers can benefitFarmer-friendly technologies to improve chickpea production in the High Barind Tract 131
even at low levels of production. Bird perches cost little and are effective (Tables 1–3)alone and combined with the other simple interventions. Intercropping is a commonpractice in the HBT and, while pod borer larvae are less abundant in mixed crops, theconsequences of mixed cropping on yield are less distinct. More study is required toassess the net benefit to farmers of growing chickpea with another crop.HNPV is technically very effective and has many attractions relative to the use ofmore broadly toxic chemicals, yet both share problems related to availability, qualitycontrol, and cost (Johansen et al 2005b). Our efforts, not presented here, to sustainvillage-level production of HNPV as advocated by Ranga Rao and Shanower (1999)were not successful and currently HNPV is being produced under more controlledconditions at Rajshahi University. It remains to be seen whether this is a commerciallyviable approach, but a high demand from eager chickpea growers will be essential.The research findings presented in this and other papers in this volume suggest thata range of options is available to meet the demand for appropriate technologies tosupport the rice-fallow crop system in the HBT.ReferencesBakr MA, Rahman ML, Ahmed AU. 2002. Manifestation of BGM in chickpea in Bangladesh.In: Bakr MA, Siddique KHM, Johansen C, editors. Integrated management of botrytisgrey mould of chickpea in Bangladesh and Australia. Summary proceedings of a ProjectInception Workshop, 1-2 June 2002. Joydebpur, Gazipur (Bangladesh): BangladeshAgricultural Research Institute (BARI); and Crawley (Western Australia): Centre forLegumes in Mediterranean Agriculture (CLIMA). p 63-69.Grzywacz D, Pande S, Khanal NP, Maharjan R. 2004. Alternative pest control approaches:NPV for pod borer control and its uptake in Nepal. In: Pande S, Stevenson C, NeupaneRK, Grzywacz D, editors. Policy and strategy for increasing income and food securitythrough improved crop management of chickpea in rice fallows in Asia. Summary of aNARC-ICRISAT-NRI Workshop, 17-18 November 2004, Kathmandu, Nepal. Patancheru(India): International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics. p 143-152.Harris D, Breese WA, Kumar Rao JVDK. 2005. The improvement of crop yield in marginalenvironments using ‘on-farm’ seed priming: nodulation, nitrogen fixation and diseaseresistance. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 56:1211-1218.Islam MS, Musa AM, Kar NK, Islam MS, Rahman MS. 1994. Profitable cropping pattern forrainfed High Barind Tract of Bangladesh. Bangladesh J. Agric. Sci. 21:125-132.Johansen C, Musa AM. 2004a. Chickpea pod borer. Extension pamphlet. Rajshahi (Bangladesh):PROVA.Johansen C, Musa AM. 2004b. Botrytis gray mould of chickpea. Extension pamphlet. Rajshahi(Bangladesh): PROVA.Johansen C, Musa AM, Kumar Rao JVDK, Harris D, Ali MY, Lauren JG. 2005a. Molybdenumresponse of chickpea in the High Barind Tract of Bangladesh and in Eastern India.In: Andersen P, Tuladhar JK, Karki KB, Maskey SL, editors. Micronutrients in Southand South East Asia. Proceedings of an International Workshop held 8-11 September2004. Kathmandu (Nepal): International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development.p 205-220.132 Harris et al
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Improving AgriculturalProductivity
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Bangladeshi experiences with a drum
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AcknowledgmentsIRRI is most gratefu
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The High Barind Tract: a challengin
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irrigation across the entire Barind
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Workshop synthesis
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and, with representatives from the
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Subsistence pressureLand pressure,
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HerbicidesEarlier efforts to introd
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volume). PVS is an effective way to
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Farmers may use wet-seeded DSR as a
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process and distributing HNPV to fa
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an NGO, have successfully collabora
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Workshop discussionParticipants dis
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How can we identify a short-duratio
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to fixed tenancy. The implication i
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Opportunities for improving ricepro
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that the reliability and productivi
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Table 1. Planting dates, direct-see
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Table 2. (A) Mean effect of fertili
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Table 5. On-farm trials of a drum s
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Upper toposequenceYield (t ha -1 )7
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and perennial grasses (e.g., Ischae
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Direct-seeded rice in the HighBarin
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Table 1. Sample selection for costs
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Table 4. Variations in weed managem
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Table 7. Labor requirements (days h
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Table 10. Farmer perceptions of dis
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Farmers (no.)1412108DSRWet-seededDr
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able commercially. Other OFT farmer
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Box 1. Farmers’ comments on DSRPo
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NotesAuthors’ addresses: M.A. Jab
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This paper explores the role of som
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(Olsen method, atomic absorption),
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Mean biomass (g m −2 )1,000.000Fi
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Fig. 3. Log rank abundance of weed
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attested by Fig. 2). Diversity in t
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Bangladeshi experiences with a drum
Page 90 and 91: Table 1. Grain yield and crop durat
Page 92 and 93: Table 5. Grain yield and growth dur
Page 94 and 95: ACEy = 0.0001x + 0.7089Yield (t ha
Page 96 and 97: Table 11. Partial budget analysis f
Page 98: ConclusionsDirect wet-seeded rice u
Page 101 and 102: A 178% increase in rice production
Page 103 and 104: Table 1. Components of yield gaps d
Page 105 and 106: Table 3. Weed management in Comilla
Page 107 and 108: Table 5. Weed management practices
Page 109 and 110: Table 7. Significance (P H o ) of t
Page 111 and 112: Since 2000, there has been an incre
Page 114 and 115: Identifying varieties for the High
Page 116 and 117: Table 1. Rice varieties bred by cli
Page 118 and 119: Table 2. Grain yield advantage of J
Page 120 and 121: Table 3. Plant height and crop dura
Page 122 and 123: Table 6. Summary of adoption and sp
Page 124 and 125: Freeman GH, Perkins J.M. 1971. Envi
Page 126: Opportunities for improving rabi cr
Page 129 and 130: Grain yield (t ha -1 )2.0npp1.5LSD
Page 131 and 132: In each of the plots, numbers of He
Page 133 and 134: Table 2. Effect of IPM components o
Page 135 and 136: Unit plot size was 10 10 m and the
Page 137 and 138: Yield (t ha -1 )5Straw4321GrainP (g
Page 139: Nodulation score3AControl Soil Mo P
Page 144 and 145: Integration of chickpea and other r
Page 146 and 147: Grain yield (t ha -1 )3.02.51989-99
Page 148 and 149: Improved Improved Rainfed rainfed C
Page 150 and 151: Table 1. Preharvest and postharvest
Page 152 and 153: Greater resistance to Helicoverpa p
Page 154 and 155: wheat varieties). There is also sco
Page 156 and 157: Developing seed systems fordissemin
Page 158 and 159: This paper describes attempts to em
Page 160 and 161: seed needed to attain the recommend
Page 162 and 163: introduced to permit sale beyond th
Page 164: pesticides, inoculation with benefi
Page 168 and 169: for the rabi crop in 2001. Hence, b
Page 170: where farmers decided not to relay-
Page 174 and 175: Table 2. Mean dates of T. aman harv
Page 176 and 177: Table 4. Subsistence pressure and r
Page 178 and 179: Table 7. Subsistence pressure and r
Page 180 and 181: cite the absence of rent as a facto
Page 182 and 183: abi cropping in the HBT through ear
Page 184 and 185: Formulation and dissemination ofimp
Page 186 and 187: in India, for which shorter-duratio
Page 188 and 189: Applied researchOFTsAdaptive resear
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Table 1. Recommended package of pra
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Table 2. Grain yields (kg ha -1 ) o
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Table 4. Grain yields (t ha -1 ) of
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Table 6. Mean grain yields (t ha -1
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constraints present. This in itself
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Extending rabi cropping in rice fal
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Table 1. Estimates of rice area dur
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Yield (kg ha -1 )1,2001,00080060040
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Future disseminationThrough dialogu
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Direct seeding of rice andopportuni
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Table 1. Time of establishment and
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Table 3. Weed density and biomass a
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than in Central Java and many farme
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Proportion abundance (log scale)Ran
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CAN FIELD BE DRAINED?YesCAN FIELD B
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Johnson DE, Mortimer AM. 2005. Issu
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Zhao DL, Atlin GN, Bastiaans L, Spi
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