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In sum, farmers must overcome several obstacles if dry-seeded DSR is to beadopted on a large scale. Prospects for wet-seeded DSR seem to be brighter since thiscan be sown on saturated soil and the drum seeder is less laborious than sowing witha lithao and then line-seeding.ConclusionsThis evaluation of DSR in the High Barind Tract has given mixed results. On thecredit side, DSR will improve farmers’ weed management, particularly the problemof late and less frequent weeding caused by shortages of cash and labor. DSR is alsomore profitable than TPR and gives farmers a means of cutting costs without sacrificingyield. Finally, the earlier harvest of DSR may allow farmers to expand the areaplanted to rabi crops.On the debit side, experience with OFTs has revealed practical problems withDSR in a drought-prone ecosystem. Supply-side problems have been overcome asresearchers have learned more about the technology, but wider access to herbicides,lithaos, and drum seeders remains a precondition for DSR adoption. On the demandside, farmers have been slow to adopt DSR because of erratic premonsoon rains thatprevent dry seeding, pest damage to early-maturing rice, and (among sharecroppers) therisk of lower yields. Wet seeding with long-duration varieties offers a way forward.Direct-seeded rice in the High Barind Tract: economics and farmer evaluation 61
Box 1. Farmers’ comments on DSRPositive comments“Direct seeding is useful in areas where there is drought or there is no certaintyof rain. If rain comes after you’ve direct-seeded, you will get a good yield. It’s agood strategy for a drought year.” Md. Salauddin, Choygati village“I’ve had good results with DSR for two years now and will try it on someof my own land next year. It’s done better than transplanting. Earlier rice gets ahigher price in the market and allows me to plant rabi crops earlier.” MujiburRahman, Manikora village“My landlord is my father-in-law. He lives in Sibganj about 30 km awayand visits every two weeks. He has seen direct-seeded rice and thinks it’s good.He won’t object if I direct-seed.” Abdullah, Adha village“Initially, other farmers told me not to direct-seed. But I’m a farmer and Iwanted to learn what is happening here, so I decided to cultivate. Now I wantto try it on my own land.” Abdul Jabbar, Barindra village“The germination on my rice seedbed was poor and I didn’t have enoughseedlings. Direct seeding is good because it saves costs of seedbed preparationand I can plant without seedlings. I’ll try direct seeding and Ronstar on 0.2 hanext year.” Abdul Jabbar, Barindra villageNegative comments“DSR is a problem because, when the land is dry, you cannot make the bundsproperly. On sloping land, water goes through the cracks, so you lose water. It’sbetter on level land.” Md. Salauddin, Choygati village“I know direct seeding from aus—it gives more weeds and you need morelabor. You can have good management of direct-seeded rice on a small area, butnot on a big area. It’s not practiced here. I’ll follow other farmers in the village.”Golam Quibria, Lokipur village“If I direct-seed rice instead of transplanting, others may tell my landlordthat I don’t have enough labor to cultivate properly, and he won’t renew mylease.” Golam Quibria, Lokipur villageSource: Farmer evaluation, T. aman season, 2003 (Orr et al 2004).62 Jabbar et al
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Improving AgriculturalProductivity
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Bangladeshi experiences with a drum
Page 8:
AcknowledgmentsIRRI is most gratefu
Page 12 and 13:
The High Barind Tract: a challengin
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irrigation across the entire Barind
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Workshop synthesis
Page 19 and 20: and, with representatives from the
Page 21 and 22: Subsistence pressureLand pressure,
Page 23 and 24: HerbicidesEarlier efforts to introd
Page 25 and 26: volume). PVS is an effective way to
Page 27 and 28: Farmers may use wet-seeded DSR as a
Page 29 and 30: process and distributing HNPV to fa
Page 31 and 32: an NGO, have successfully collabora
Page 34 and 35: Workshop discussionParticipants dis
Page 36 and 37: How can we identify a short-duratio
Page 38 and 39: to fixed tenancy. The implication i
Page 40: Opportunities for improving ricepro
Page 43 and 44: that the reliability and productivi
Page 45 and 46: Table 1. Planting dates, direct-see
Page 47 and 48: Table 2. (A) Mean effect of fertili
Page 49 and 50: Table 5. On-farm trials of a drum s
Page 51 and 52: Upper toposequenceYield (t ha -1 )7
Page 53 and 54: and perennial grasses (e.g., Ischae
Page 56 and 57: Direct-seeded rice in the HighBarin
Page 58: Table 1. Sample selection for costs
Page 61 and 62: Table 4. Variations in weed managem
Page 63 and 64: Table 7. Labor requirements (days h
Page 65 and 66: Table 10. Farmer perceptions of dis
Page 67 and 68: Farmers (no.)1412108DSRWet-seededDr
Page 69: able commercially. Other OFT farmer
Page 74: NotesAuthors’ addresses: M.A. Jab
Page 78 and 79: This paper explores the role of som
Page 80 and 81: (Olsen method, atomic absorption),
Page 82 and 83: Mean biomass (g m −2 )1,000.000Fi
Page 84 and 85: Fig. 3. Log rank abundance of weed
Page 86 and 87: attested by Fig. 2). Diversity in t
Page 88 and 89: Bangladeshi experiences with a drum
Page 90 and 91: Table 1. Grain yield and crop durat
Page 92 and 93: Table 5. Grain yield and growth dur
Page 94 and 95: ACEy = 0.0001x + 0.7089Yield (t ha
Page 96 and 97: Table 11. Partial budget analysis f
Page 98: ConclusionsDirect wet-seeded rice u
Page 101 and 102: A 178% increase in rice production
Page 103 and 104: Table 1. Components of yield gaps d
Page 105 and 106: Table 3. Weed management in Comilla
Page 107 and 108: Table 5. Weed management practices
Page 109 and 110: Table 7. Significance (P H o ) of t
Page 111 and 112: Since 2000, there has been an incre
Page 114 and 115: Identifying varieties for the High
Page 116 and 117: Table 1. Rice varieties bred by cli
Page 118 and 119: Table 2. Grain yield advantage of J
Page 120 and 121:
Table 3. Plant height and crop dura
Page 122 and 123:
Table 6. Summary of adoption and sp
Page 124 and 125:
Freeman GH, Perkins J.M. 1971. Envi
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Opportunities for improving rabi cr
Page 129 and 130:
Grain yield (t ha -1 )2.0npp1.5LSD
Page 131 and 132:
In each of the plots, numbers of He
Page 133 and 134:
Table 2. Effect of IPM components o
Page 135 and 136:
Unit plot size was 10 10 m and the
Page 137 and 138:
Yield (t ha -1 )5Straw4321GrainP (g
Page 139 and 140:
Nodulation score3AControl Soil Mo P
Page 141 and 142:
even at low levels of production. B
Page 144 and 145:
Integration of chickpea and other r
Page 146 and 147:
Grain yield (t ha -1 )3.02.51989-99
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Improved Improved Rainfed rainfed C
Page 150 and 151:
Table 1. Preharvest and postharvest
Page 152 and 153:
Greater resistance to Helicoverpa p
Page 154 and 155:
wheat varieties). There is also sco
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Developing seed systems fordissemin
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This paper describes attempts to em
Page 160 and 161:
seed needed to attain the recommend
Page 162 and 163:
introduced to permit sale beyond th
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pesticides, inoculation with benefi
Page 168 and 169:
for the rabi crop in 2001. Hence, b
Page 170:
where farmers decided not to relay-
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Table 2. Mean dates of T. aman harv
Page 176 and 177:
Table 4. Subsistence pressure and r
Page 178 and 179:
Table 7. Subsistence pressure and r
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cite the absence of rent as a facto
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abi cropping in the HBT through ear
Page 184 and 185:
Formulation and dissemination ofimp
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in India, for which shorter-duratio
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Applied researchOFTsAdaptive resear
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Table 1. Recommended package of pra
Page 192 and 193:
Table 2. Grain yields (kg ha -1 ) o
Page 194 and 195:
Table 4. Grain yields (t ha -1 ) of
Page 196 and 197:
Table 6. Mean grain yields (t ha -1
Page 198:
constraints present. This in itself
Page 202 and 203:
Extending rabi cropping in rice fal
Page 204 and 205:
Table 1. Estimates of rice area dur
Page 206 and 207:
Yield (kg ha -1 )1,2001,00080060040
Page 208 and 209:
Future disseminationThrough dialogu
Page 210 and 211:
Direct seeding of rice andopportuni
Page 212 and 213:
Table 1. Time of establishment and
Page 214 and 215:
Table 3. Weed density and biomass a
Page 216 and 217:
than in Central Java and many farme
Page 218 and 219:
Proportion abundance (log scale)Ran
Page 220 and 221:
CAN FIELD BE DRAINED?YesCAN FIELD B
Page 222 and 223:
Johnson DE, Mortimer AM. 2005. Issu
Page 224:
Zhao DL, Atlin GN, Bastiaans L, Spi
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